Motricidade
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade
<p>Journal Motricidade (ISSN 1646-107X, eISSN 2182-2972) is a scientific quarterly journal published by Sílabas Didáticas Editions. Journal Motricidade publishes relevant original research and review articles, that are methodologically sound, theoretically grounded and that will potentially contribute to the scientific areas of sports, psychology and human development, and health-promoting the international debate on those themes.<br /><br />It is currently indexed in some of the most influential international databases such as <strong>Web of Knowledge/Scielo Citation Inde</strong>x (Clarivate Analytics), <strong>Elsevier </strong>(SCOPUS, EMCare), <strong>SCImago</strong> (SJR: Medicine, Health Professions), <strong>PsycINFO</strong>, IndexCopernicus, <strong>Scielo</strong>, CABI, Qualis, <strong>SPORTDiscus</strong>, EBSCO, CINAHL, Proquest, DOAJ, Latindex, Gale/Cengage Learning, SIIC Databases, BVS ePORTUGUESe, SHERPA/RoMEO, OCLC, Hinari/WHO, Swets Information Services, among others.<br /><br />Journal Motricidade complies with the guidelines of the International Committee of the Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the American Psychological Association (APA) for the presentation of scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals.</p>Edições Sílabas Didáticasen-USMotricidade1646-107X<p>The authors of submitted manuscripts must transfer the full copyright to Journal Motricidade / Desafio Singular Editions. Granting copyright permission allows the publication and dissemination of the article in printed or electronic formats and copyrights start at the moment the manuscript is accepted for publication. It also allows Journal Motricidade to use and commercialize the article in terms of licensing, lending or selling its content to indexation/abstracts databases and other entities.</p><p>According to the terms of the Creative Commons licence, authors may reproduce a reasonable number of copies for personal or professional purpose but without any economic gains. SHERPA/RoMEO allows authors to post a final digital copy (post-printing version) of the article in their websites or on their institutions' scientific repository.</p>Motor performance of healthy children aged 3 to 10 years and differences between genders: systematic review
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/31192
<p>Motor competence is the individual's proficient motor performance in motor skills, including coordination and motor control. Although previous literature has supported sex differences in motor competence, the results are controversial. This study aimed to review the publications on interventions in motor competence and synthesise the results of the comparison between sexes. This systematic and integrative review followed the <em>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) </em>guidelines; terms related to children, motor competence and intervention were searched in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL databases; publications in English and Portuguese in the last 15 years were included; the quality of the studies’ assessment used the <em>Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX)</em> scale. Among the 31 articles included, there were no differences between sexes in 19 studies (61.3%); eight studies showed higher performance from boys, and five showed from girls; in two investigations, the superiority of motor performance of either sex depended on the skill analysed. In conclusion, in healthy children aged 3 to 10 years who are offered the same opportunities for practice, organised and systematic, the result in motor competence is positive and tends to be similar between sexes.</p>Mariana Rosa da Silva PereiraAriane Brito Diniz SantosNathália Nídia da SilvaAnderson Henry Pereira FeitozaMaria Teresa Cattuzzo
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.31192The relationship between training load, physical performance and physiological adaptations in Rugby football players: A systematic review
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/30042
<p>Applying appropriate training loads in accordance with the defined objectives promotes optimal physical and physiological adaptations, reduces the likelihood of illness and injury and, therefore, increases the possibility of success during Rugby. The aim of this review was to compile and systematise the information in the literature on the association between training load variables (internal and external) and performance outcomes in Rugby. As such, the main objective will be to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to identify the physical and physiological performance variables in Rugby sport to monitor the training load. Following the preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and PICOS approach, the search was adapted and conducted systematically only in the PubMed database, which, in itself, also restricts the search spectrum of the paper, thus conferring a limitation to the present academic work. The search was conducted in PubMed throughout the possible temporal spectrum since there is still little robustness in the literature about rugby sports performance. Articles were selected by pre-defined selection criteria, including observational, randomised clinical and clinical trial studies. After further screening, and based on the inclusion criteria of the papers, the result of the analysis of the relevance of the studies, the final set of analysis resulted in 16 articles. From the studies compiled in this review, there seems to be a strong correlation between the perceived exertion (RPE) and the prescription and definition of the training load applied in Rugby athletes. The RPE reflects the most used and analysed variable throughout all the studies. Several articles reflect a strong relationship between the training load, the inter-individual capacity of each athlete and their tolerance to the load (player load).</p>Eduardo PaivaSérgio ValentimTiago ReisJosé E. TeixeiraLuis BranquinhoÁlvaro FortunatoPedro Forte
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.30042History of Fitness in Portugal: A Brief Review of the Influences that Shaped the Current National Panorama
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/32045
<p>Fitness in Portugal results from a set of historical intersections marked by various influences and personalities. To a large extent, knowledge of this path is essential to understanding the current reality and some of the problems the area faces. The present opinion intends to situate and summarise the leading influences of national and international events and some time frames that led to the development of the intervention area commonly called fitness. For this purpose, the work is structured in three parts: i) the beginnings of fitness, where some of the international influences that were at the origin of this area will be presented; ii) some of the main influences and factors that allowed the growth of fitness in Portugal; and iii) the effect of the historical trajectory of fitness in the current context and future considerations about the area. Given the scarcity of records on the subject, the present work, as an opinion article, will also be a self-report of the authors, who, having experienced different moments of this history, intend to leave a contribution to this record and for future reflections of its impact on the development of the area, professionals, and respective practices.</p>Diogo TeixeiraLuís CercaVasco BastosFilipe RodriguesHugo Pereira
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.32045What is a football champion made of?
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/31212
<p>The present study aimed to compare the scored and conceded goals of the top six European football leagues (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, England, and Germany) between 2001 and 2020. The champions have a mean combo (indicator that combines attack and defence ranking) result between 1 and 1.40. The French and Italian leagues were the only ones where variation coefficients of this combo result overpassed 50% (71 and 59%, respectively) compared to the remaining football leagues. Further subsequent analysis showed that the Portuguese and French leagues differ significantly from Italy in terms of the best attack position of the champions (<em>Z</em>=3.196; <em>p</em>=0.01; <em>η<sup>2</sup></em>=0.123). Regarding position in the defensive ranking, Portugal and Italy showed significantly different results compared to France (<em>Z</em>=3.763; <em>p</em>=0.003; <em>η<sup>2</sup></em>=1.42). Besides, the only two countries with significant differences in scored and conceded goals positioning were France (attack better than defence; <em>t</em>=-3; <em>p</em><0.01; <em>d</em>=2.236) and Italy (defence better than attack; <em>t</em>=2.881 <em>p</em><0.01; <em>d</em>=1.164). Hence, in the French football league, a higher attack performance than a defence seems to indicate the champion. Oppositely, in the Italian football league, champions traditionally occupy top positioning on defence, even if they do not present the same performance on scored goals.</p>Rui MatosFilipe RodriguesNuno AmaroRaul AntunesMiguel JacintoDiogo MendesDiogo Monteiro
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.31212Effect of resisted sled sprint with different loads on running velocity, step frequency, and step length in trained collegiate track and field athletes
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/30960
<p>Resisted sled sprint (RSS) is a traditional sprint training in which a variety of loads are used for multiple aims. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of the effects of different loads has not yet been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of load differences on running velocity, step frequency, and step length during RSS in trained collegiate track and field athletes. Twenty-one collegiate track and field male athletes (20.6±1.3 years) performed eight 60-m sprints with and without a resisted sled. The sled loads were individually set based on the participant's body mass (BM) and were applied in 10% increments from 20% to 80% of BM. The running distance was divided into six 10-m phases. The mean running velocity, step frequency and step length at each phase, and interactions were analysed. All indices decreased with increasing loads. Significant differences were observed in running velocity and step frequency between all loads, except between 70% and 80% of BM, and in the step length between all loads. The maximum values for the variables appeared in different phases according to the load. These results suggested that athletes and coaches should consider that sprinting performance during RSS varies with load.</p>Takeru HamamichiKiyotaka NaoiSusumu ShigetaJorge MoraisDaniel Almeida MarinhoShin-Ichiro Moriyama
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.30960Effect of music on psychophysiological responses in a high intensity interval training (HIIT) in healthy adults
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/29977
<p>The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of music on psychophysiological responses in a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) protocol with preferred (PM), non-preferred (NPM) and no music (NM). Thirty-one physically active adults of both genders participated voluntarily. All subjects were exposed to all protocols. Before starting the sessions, an anamnesis was used in order to measure data on PM and NPM during the exercise (Visual Analog Scale for Musical Taste). Seven days before the first intervention, a maximal exercise test of maximal speed at maximal measurement was performed. The Subjective Perceived Exertion (PSE<sub>6-20</sub>) and the Affect Scale (AFETO<sub>+5/ </sub>-<sub>5</sub>) were used during the study in 10 bouts of 60 seconds of exercise for 60 seconds of passive rest (60”: 60”). Results showed regular criteria of normality and sphericity. A one-way ANOVA test with repeated measures [F<sub>(2, 26)</sub> = 9,703; p<0.05] followed by the Sidak post-hoc showed that HIIT with PM generated lower PSE<sub>6-20</sub> and higher AFETO value compared to the use of HIIT with NPM and NM. It is concluded that MP is reduced, which consequently makes HIIT on the treadmill more tolerable and probably a more efficient way of training, increasing and improving physical exercise performance.</p>Lara Farias CostaThiago Medeiros da Costa DanieleMatheus Marques Mesquita da CostaDiane Nocrato Esmeraldo RebouçasSonia FicagnaMônica Helena Neves Pereira Pinheiro
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.29977Quality of life, physical activity, and socioeconomic status of candidates to bariatric surgery: cross-sectional study
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/32762
<p>This research aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) of candidates for bariatric surgery across different levels of physical activity (PA) and socioeconomic levels (SES). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 62 patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery (age= 39.53± 10.72 years and BMI= 50.05± 9.26 kg/m²) and were interviewed using the IPAQ, SF-36, and ABEP questionnaires. Comparisons of QOL between the PA and SES groups were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The moderate PA group showed significantly higher scores than the Low group in the Functional Capacity domain (61.1± 25.0 vs. 40.8±23.2; <em>p=</em> 0.01). The Physical Aspects domain had a significantly higher score for the high PA group in comparison to the Low group (65.4±36.1 vs. 35.8±35.8; <em>p=</em> 0.029). Individuals with SES level B presented significantly higher scores than the SES level C group in the Functional Capacity domain (62.9±30.2 vs 46.6±23.9; <em>p=</em> 0.028), General Health status (48.9± 14.9 vs 33.4± 16.6; <em>p=</em> 0.001), Vitality (62.4± 26.4 vs. 43.8± 21.6; <em>p=</em> 0.007), Social Aspects (79.4± 29.3 vs. 61.1± 32.5; <em>p=</em> 0.04), Emotional Aspects (78.4± 35.2 vs. 45.9± 44.6; <em>p=</em> 0.01), and Mental Health (77.4± 21.2 vs. 60.4± 24.2; <em>p=</em> 0.008). This research demonstrated that individuals with morbid obesity who are candidates for bariatric surgery and have higher levels of physical activity and a higher socioeconomic level exhibit greater levels of quality of life.</p>Thaurus CavalcantiLuís Felipe de Almeida DinizBárbara Amaral Bruno SilvaJosé Cristiano Faustino dos SantosPaulo Roberto Cavalcanti Carvalho
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.32762Comparative Analysis of Cyclist Energy Cost and Drag: Able-Bodied vs. Shoulder Amputee Cyclists Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/32053
<p>In cycling, drag is the force that opposes the cyclist's motion and is caused by the cyclist's and their equipment's interaction with the air. The surface area of the cyclist and their equipment, such as the bike, helmet, and body postures, substantially impact how much drag they encounter. This study compared the energy cost (Ec) of an able-bodied and shoulder amputee cyclist through numerical simulations using computer fluid dynamics (CFD). According to the hypothesis, an able-bodied cyclist may use more energy at a given speed than an able-bodied cyclist. For this study, a professional male cyclist who weighs 65 kg and is 1.72 m tall took part. The estimated Ec was lower for a shoulder amputee in comparison to an able-bodied cyclist. Significant statistical differences and relationships were found between the cyclists for the 11 selected speeds. Altogether, this study allows us to conclude that, for the same conditions, an able-bodied cyclist delivers less Ec in comparison to a shoulder amputee. Such knowledge contributes to understanding cycling performance and may inform training, equipment design, and energy optimisation strategies for diverse cyclist populations.</p>Tatiana SampaioJorge Estrela MoraisDaniel Almeida MarinhoTiago Manuel BarbosaAntónio Miguel MonteiroPedro Forte
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.32053Correlation between tactical performance and physical fitness in basketball during physical education classes using a multivariate training programme
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/31661
<p>Multivariate training programmes are widely recognised as an effective strategy for developing the skills necessary for good performance in the collective modalities addressed in physical education. The aim of this study was to verify the correlation between tactical performance and physical fitness levels in young secondary school students during the teaching of the didactic unit of basketball using a multivariate training programme. A group of forty-seven students from a Portuguese school volunteered to participate in the study. A correlational study was used to verify the association between tactical performance and physical fitness while teaching the Basketball Didactic Unit based on TGFU (i.e., 6 weeks) in two different moments. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental) and assessed at two different moments: before the teaching of the didactic unit (pre-test) and at the end of the teaching of the didactic unit (post-test). Tactical performance in basketball was assessed using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI), while physical fitness was assessed using some physical tests from the FitEscola battery. Overall, the multivariate training programme did not differentiate the magnitudes of the correlations between the variables analysed. However, it is confirmed that the multivariate training programme seems to emerge as a positive and differentiating pedagogical strategy that should be integrated into physical education classes.</p>Avelino SilvaRicardo FerrazLuís BranquinhoRodrigo RoquePedro ForteDaniel A. Marinho
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.31661Exploratory factor analysis of instruments for dual career assessment
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/31368
<p>The dual career is a permanent and demanding challenge with the simultaneous fulfilment of student and high-performance athlete roles. Recognising the lack of quantitative research in Portugal and of an instrument that allows the evaluation of the reconciliation of the high-performance sports career with the school career, we developed 3 data collection instruments that we applied through the Questionnaire to student-athletes who attend the conciliation model Portuguese called the High-Performance Support Unit at School.</p> <p>This exploratory study aims to demonstrate the first evidence of the validity of the instruments developed in all three dimensions that support this conciliation model: sports management, school management and health and well-being. </p> <p>A total of 278 high-performance student-athletes (n=278) between 14 and 19 years of age, 126 girls and 151 boys (M = 16.01, SD = 1,246) participated in this study.</p> <p>The results of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO) with values of 0.648 in the school management dimension, 0.757 in the sporting dimension and 0.871 in the dimension of health and well-being and the Bartlett sphericity test demonstrate an apparent validity of the instruments for the analysis of the principal components. The values of Cronbach's Alpha (α) confirm the reliability of the various questions posed in the three instruments.</p> <p>In the exploratory factor analysis, we concluded that the three instruments were developed with very acceptable indices of validity and reliability, demonstrating that they can be used, with a high degree of confidence, in future investigations on this model of conciliation of the dual career in Portugal.</p>Sónia PicamilhoJosé SaragoçaMário Teixeira
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.31368Subjective well-being in physical exercise practitioners: factor structure and invariance
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/28981
<p>Subjective well-being (SWB) has been widely studied in general populations; however, few studies have evaluated aspects related to the internal structure of the instrument. Thus, the present research aimed to gather new psychometric evidence for operationalising the SWB in the context of physical exercise and test its invariance in different groups. The sample comprised 359 participants aged between 18 and 70 (M=36.6 SD=11.9; 67.7% female). The results obtained through confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the three-factor model, with good accuracy rates. Furthermore, the invariance analysis suggested that the SWB is measured similarly among those who practice physical exercise in different ways (virtual and face-to-face) and individuals of different genders (female and male). The results contribute to the accumulation of validity evidence for the BES measure in the context of physical exercise.</p>Amanda Rizzieri RomanoMaynara Priscila Pereira da Silva Evandro Morais PeixotoFelipe Valentini
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.28981Physical performance in masters' degree students in Exercise and Sport Sciences related to the motor learning approach
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/32629
<p>Physical activities (PA) can be characterised by a cognitive approach or an ecological-dynamic approach. Currently, no emphasis is given in the master's degree in sports sciences to the different effects of exercise in the two different forms of delivery: prescriptive teaching and heuristic learning. The objective was to measure levels of physical performance in students and test for associations between the effects of exercise and the type of learning approach. Thirty-eight sports science students were divided into two groups according to the teaching/learning methodology used in their training: cognitive (CG) and dynamic ecological (EDG). A battery of tests was administered: squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump free arms (CMJ-FA), and stiffness test (ST). A questionnaire on daily physical activity was administered. The data collected were statistically processed<strong>. </strong>Statistically significant associations emerged between outcomes and groups (P = < .05): 37% of CGs and 26% of EDGs used motorised vehicles at least once a week; only 5% of CGs and 26% of EDGs walked daily; 100% of CGs and 79% of EDGs practised PA continuously; CGs performed better in CMJ-FA and ST. The two approaches differ in their impact on daily, structured physical activity and performance effects.</p>Felice Di DomenicoGiovanni EspositoTiziana D'IsantoSara AlibertiGaetano Raiola
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.32629Examining Portuguese National Sport Organizations’ Managerial Strategies Towards Human Development: What Counts as Effective Practice in Youth Sport?
https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/31384
<p>In Portugal, national sports organisations receive funding from the government to achieve three key objectives: organise competitions; train key stakeholders; and foster human development. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine Portuguese sports organisations’ strategic decisions towards fostering human development. A document analysis of sports organisations’ annual reports and activity plans was conducted. Such analysis helped to understand how sport policy and funding influence sports organisations’ practices, especially concerning youth sports. A total of 35 national sports organisations that deliver programming for youth were included in the present study. Findings indicate that the human development of youth does not appear to be at the forefront of priorities for Portuguese national sports organisations. Few managerial strategies were implemented by sports organisations to target human development deliberately. Moving forward, there is a need to devise concrete strategies to better situate psychosocial development within the Portuguese youth sports context by considering the developmental needs of youth in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. To help sports organisations foster psychosocial development, several recommendations concerning policy documents, guidelines for sports stakeholders and funding are provided.</p>Laura BurgeFernando SantosMartin CamiréMarta FerreiraDany J. MacDonald
Copyright (c) 2023
2023-12-312023-12-3119410.6063/motricidade.31384