Newborn Epiphysiolysis of the Proximal Humerus

Abstract

Musculoskeletal injuries resulting from childbirth trauma, including humeral head epiphysiolysis, are rare. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and mid-term follow-up of a premature male newborn with humeral head epiphysiolysis due to birth trauma. The infant exhibited limited left shoulder mobility and internal rotation preference. An ultrasound confirmed epiphyseal detachment, informing conservative treatment without immobilisation. Over time, bone callus formation with concurrent humeral deformity was observed. Rehabilitation and postural recommendations were implemented to encourage normal limb mobility and function, while minimising the risk of growth plate anomalies. By the age of one year, the child presented with harmonious limb movements, and normal strength and psychomotor development, with nearly complete resolution of the structural alterations.
This case underscores the importance of considering humeral head epiphysiolysis in the differential diagnosis of newborns with impaired upper limb mobility, despite being a rare condition. The ultrasound exam proved valuable for diagnosis, and conservative treatment yielded positive outcomes. Regular radiographic monitoring may be necessary in these cases to control the progress of bone remodelling and development. Clinicians should be aware of this condition to ensure timely and appropriate management, ultimately leading to favourable clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes.