Comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência: um estudo transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v33.i1.29618Palavras-chave:
adolescente, comportamento autolesivo, fator de riscoResumo
Introdução: A elevada prevalência de comportamentos autolesivos (CAL) e a sua forte associação ao suicídio tornam estes comportamentos um alvo natural de intervenção, de forma a prevenir consequências nefastas nos adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e caracterizar os padrões de CAL e potenciais fatores de risco associados numa amostra de adolescentes.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal através da aplicação de um questionário baseado no “Lifestyle and Coping Questionnaire”. Foram convidados a participar adolescentes dos 12 aos 17 anos de idade que recorreram a um hospital de nível II. Os dados foram analisados através de análise descritiva, bivariada e de regressão utilizando o software SPSS v.25.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 159 questionários de jovens com uma média de 15 anos de idade. Entre os adolescentes, 25,8% afirmaram já ter realizado CAL, sendo que a maioria (61%) fê-lo mais do que uma vez e a mesma percentagem não procurou ajuda. Foi encontrada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a apresentação de CAL e dificuldade em fazer amigos, história de bullying e realização de pesquisa online sobre formas de autolesão. Foi detetado um aumento significativo do risco de CAL nos adolescentes que tinham passado por múltiplos eventos de vida negativos (odds ratio ajustado [ORa] 1,47, intervalo de confiança [IC] 1,231-1,1763; p<0,01), enquanto a ausência de problemas de saúde (ORa 0,356, IC 0,13-0,969; p=0,04) e a não utilização de drogas (ORa 0,087, IC 0,012-0,633; p=0,016) foram identificados como fatores protetores.
Conclusão: Os CAL são um problema de saúde pública e, na maior parte das vezes, não são evidentes. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a necessidade de uma abordagem holística dos adolescentes, de forma a identificar precocemente CAL e fatores de risco associados.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Joana Mendes, Miguel Vieira Martins, Isabel Azevedo, Pedro Patrício, Sofia Ferreira
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