The medieval origins of contemporary diplomacy

Abstract

As part of the ongoing investigation into the medieval origins of modern states, this text focuses on the relationship between medieval and contemporary diplomacy. The first part highlights five clear differences between the two. The second part notes another five aspects that bring the two periods closer together. Drawing on examples from the history of the Kingdom of Portugal in the 15th century, it is concluded that profound changes occurred in the functioning of international society between the two periods. However, a common diplomatic culture exists, manifested in a set of recognisable similar practices.