La posture du chercheur dans l’observation participante : de la trahison à la culpabilité
Keywords:
observation participante/participant observation/observação participante, partition communicationnelle/communicational division/divisão comunicacional, trahison/betrayal/traição, culpabilité/guilt/culpaAbstract
Lorsque le chercheur pratiquant l’observation participante arrive à la production des résultats de sa recherche, il est confronté à une injonction paradoxale : « dire, sans dire ». Les exigences scientifiques l’enjoignent à communiquer ses résultats, les exigences relationnelles à ne pas dévoiler ce qu’il a observé comme membre d’une culture particulière. Notre pratique de chercheure en anthropologie de la communication nous amène à réfléchir à cette tension entre posture du chercheur comme membre d’une communauté scientifique, et comme membre d’un groupe social. Les théories de la communication nous aideront à comprendre cette posture particulière et les tensions en découlant.
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When the researcher, while engaging in participant observation, comes to the production of the results of his research, he is faced with a paradox: ‘to say without saying’. Scientific demands make him communicate his results while relational requirements make him not reveal what he observed as a member of a specific culture. Our research experience in anthropology of communication leads us to reflect on this tension between the researcher’s position as a member of a scientific community, and as a member of a social group. Communication theories help us understand this particular attitude and tension arising therefrom.
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Quando o pesquisador, praticando observação participante, chega à produção de resultados da sua pesquisa, ele é confrontado com uma injunção paradoxal “dizer, sem dizer”. As exigências científicas levam-no a comunicar os seus resultados, as exigências relacionais exigem não revelar o que ele observou como membro de uma cultura particular. A nossa prática de investigação em antropologia da comunicação leva-nos a refletir sobre esta tensão entre a postura do investigador como membro de uma comunidade científica, e como membro de um grupo social. As teorias da comunicação ajudar-nos-ão a entender esta postura particular e as tensões que dela decorrem.
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