Relation d’enquête et problèmes méthodologiques dans les études ethnographiques sur les pratiques sportives
Keywords:
ethnographie/ethnography/etnografia, pratiques sportives/sporting/desportivo, relation d’enquête/relation to investigation/relação com a investigação, comparaisons/comparison/comparaçãoAbstract
Cet article analyse et discute des apports méthodologiques de l’ethnographie pour les études consacrées aux sports. Il présente les étapes les plus ordinairement franchies par les chercheurs et leurs significations dans la relation d’enquête ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées dans les publications scientifiques. En observant les sportifs, l’ethnographe compose une trame narrative des faits où il traque le particulier pour extraire le sens de ces activités. Ses travaux contribuent à renouveler l’approche de ces objets. L’implication du chercheur auprès des pratiquants imposerait de recourir à des méthodes spécifiques pour dépasser l’étude de cas (mode innovant de recueil de données, comparaisons).
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This paper analyzes and discusses the methodological contributions of ethnography for studies of sports. It presents the steps most commonly crossed by researchers and their meanings in relation to investigation and the difficulties encountered in the scientific literature. Observing the sportsmen, the ethnographer composed a narrative of facts where the individual tracks to extract the meaning of these activities. His work contributed to renew the approach of these objects. The involvement of the researcher to require practitioners to use specific methods to overcome the case study (mode of data collection, comparison).
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Este artigo analisa e discute as contribuições metodológicas da etnografia para o estudo do desporto. Apresenta os passos geralmente mais encontrados pelos investigadores e os seus significados em relação à pesquisa e às dificuldades encontradas na literatura científica. Ao observar os desportistas, o etnógrafo compõe uma narrativa de factos onde acompanha o significado dessas atividades. O seu trabalho contribui para renovar a abordagem desses objectos. O envolvimento do investigador com os profissionais exige o uso de métodos específicos para superar o estudo de caso (modo inovador de recolha de dados, comparações).
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