Soil salinization in Portugal. Causes, extension and solutions

Abstract

Soil salinization is a major soil degradation process. In Portugal, this problem is limited to marshes and some irrigated areas located in the south of the country. However, the increase of the irrigated area and the prospects of climate change for the coming decades, including rising temperatures, can lead to an increase of the degraded areain Portugal. This paper describes the main causes of soil salinization/sodicization, the most relevant indicators, and the most used classifications. The main areas in Portugal affected, either by natural salinization or by secondary salinization, are also indicated. Then,some of the most relevant studies related to saline soilsmapping, the use of saline and sodic soils, and the use of poor quality waters conducted in Portugal,are also reviewed. Finally, the main methods for preventing and recovering saline/sodic soils are addressed.