Development and application of a P Index for Sete Cidades watershed in São Miguel Island

Abstract

The Sete Cidades catchment is located in the geological site with the same name, in the Northeast of the São Miguel Island. It has an 444,5 ha area and is formed by two sub units, the Blue Lagoon (357,3 ha) and the Green Lagoon (88,2 ha). The most part of the watershed is occupied by permanent pastures. Due to agriculture land use (animal pressure and excessive fertilization), its trophic condition is increasingly deteriorating. The P index was created by Lemunyon & Gilbert (1993) to identify the areas which most contributes to phosphorus losses from soil to the water bodies. Its application helps locating diffuse polluting sources, since it is based on the evaluation on a parcel basis of source and transports factors considered as relevant to the nutrient mobilization to the water mass. In this study are considered as source factors the P Olsen and applied fertilizer (kg P2O5 ha^-1year^-1), and as transport factors the leaching potential (as estimated from slope), distance from field to the water line and from field to the water body (m). With this methodology we intended to identify the risk of P loss areas and thus contribute to the development of programs and/or management plans addressed to the Sete Cidades watershed.