Lead uptake capacity of Cistus plants growing in mining areas

Abstract

Mining activity can give rise to large quantities of chemically unstable waste rocks and tailings which can drain potential environmentally harmful lixiviates rich in chemical elements. Plants growing in such environments can minimize chemical, physical and visual negative impacts. To evaluate lead absorption by native Cistus growing in Braçal (NW Portugal) and São Domingos (SE Portugal) mining areas, Cistus inflatus (aerial parts) and Cistus ladanifer (leaves) were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometric, respectively, after acid digestions. Soils were characterized by pH(H2O), organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, free Fe and Mn, total nitrogen, and assimilable K and P. Total lead was determined in soils (fraction < 2 mm) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry after acid digestion, and Pb available fraction was determined by atomic absorption spectrometric and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy after calcium nitrate extraction. High concentrations of total Pb are present in both mining areas soils. However, in São Domingos soils the Pb available fraction is smaller (8.3–67.3 mg kg-1) than in Braçal (276–6175 mg kg-1). Cistus inflatus aerial parts contain higher concentrations of lead (49.5–217 mg kg-1) than Cistus ladaniferleaves (40.4–48.6 mg kg-1). Both Cistus, showing no external stress signals, are well adapted to these contaminated soils with low nutrient and high Pb contents. It is apparent that these plants can be used for phytostabilization in similar mining areas.