Genetic divergence among corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes in distinct environments

Abstract

The aim of this study was to morphologically characterize the genetic dissimilarity among 25 maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in order to select the most divergent and higher yield potential, by multivariate analysis, in five cultivation environments in southern Brazil. The inbred lines of the two heterotic groups were from the genebank company KSP Seeds Ltda. Fifteen inbred lines were used as female parents and eight inbred lines as male parents. The tests were conducted during the harvest 2011/2012 in five environments, in randomized complete block design with three replications per location. We evaluated 15 characters of agronomic interest. Genetic divergence was assessed by the clustering method of Tocher and UPGMA. Estimates of D² indicated genotype pairs 6 and 22 as genetically more distant, and 1 and 14 the most similar pairs. Nine different groups were identified in both clustering methods. The depth of grain, cob diameter, cob weight, ear diameter and weight of 100 grains characters were the main determinants in the quantification of genetic divergence. For breeding purposes, genotypes 5, 15, 12, 20, 9, 25 and 10 are those of higher potential.