Permanent pastures in mountain areas: characterization, management and conservation

Abstract

Mountain permanent pastures are one of the most important resources in traditional systems of land use, extensively distributed in central and northern mainland Portugal. Its importance in biodiversity conservation, not only at regional and national level, but also in the European context is generally recognized. They include meadows, mesophille perennial Nardus grasslands and other perennial pastures of high ecological, economic, cultural and scenic value.They have important functions such as prevention of soil erosion, reducing the risk of fire, between others. Generally, they are grazed mainly by cattle and sheep; some of them are cut and improved aiming to increase their nutritional value. The increasing desertification limits the maintenance and conservation of its biodiversity and the landscape mosaic associated with it. A revision and synthesis of habitats and plant communities associated, that develop in these permanent pastures, in Beira Alta, is presented, as well an approach to their maintenance, management and conservation.