Tiempo de pantalla y calidad del sueño en niños en edad escolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48492/servir0208.34205Palabras clave:
Niño, Tecnología Digital, Sueño, FamiliaResumen
Introducción: Los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas han aumentado significativamente el uso de dispositivos electrónicos con pantalla para actividades de ocio a todas las edades, y el tiempo excesivo frente a la pantalla es problemático para la salud de los niños, especialmente para su calidad del sueño.
Objetivo/s: Identificar las pruebas científicas sobre la relación entre el tiempo de pantalla y la calidad del sueño en niños en edad escolar (6/12 años).
Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, utilizando la base de datos bibliográfica en línea PubMed, CINAHL Complete, con los descriptores Mesh: tiempo de pantalla, calidad del sueño y niño. Se siguió el diagrama de flujo del modelo PRISMA, respetando los criterios de inclusión: artículos científicos, disponibles en texto completo, en portugués, inglés o español, relativos a estudios primarios, empíricos, con abordaje cuantitativo, publicados entre 2017 y 2023.
Resultados: El tiempo de pantalla varió según el tamaño de la muestra y la edad de los niños, pero en todos los estudios, la duración media del tiempo de pantalla superó lo recomendado para la edad. En cada uno de los estudios incluidos, los niños expuestos a un mayor uso de dispositivos digitales mostraron cambios en sus ciclos de sueño, sobre todo en la fase REM (sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos) y en la latencia del sueño.
Conclusión: Los resultados de los estudios muestran que la duración del tiempo de pantalla está relacionada con una disminución de la calidad del sueño, lo que se traduce en más despertares nocturnos, parasomnias, resistencia a acostarse e inicio más tardío del sueño.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Maria Isabel Bica de Carvalho, Jéssica Santos, José Cabra, Mariana Santos, Rodrigo Amaral, Sónia Santos, Valter Andrade, Luís Condeço, Manuel Cordeiro
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