Análisis del Water Exploitacion Index (WEI) como instrumento para el ajuste de la política de oferta y demanda de los recursos hídricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57883/thij9(2)2017.30470Palavras-chave:
Índice de Exploração da Água, Gestão Sustentável, Recursos Hídricos, Stress hídricoResumo
Melhorar a gestão dos recursos hídricos a fim de manter os ecossistemas aquáticos e evitar a sobreexploração, mantendo um abastecimento adequado a longo prazo de água doce de qualidade, é um dos objectivos ambientais da UE para 2020. Embora muitos países demonstrem uma utilização sustentável da água, existem territórios que enfrentam problemas de escassez de água, pelo menos a uma escala sazonal ou local. Uma vez que a qualidade da água está intimamente ligada à quantidade de água, a relação entre a captação e a renovação de stocks é uma questão vital na gestão sustentável dos recursos. Assim, o objectivo deste documento é analisar o Índice de Exploração da Água (WEI) como um indicador capaz de avaliar a pressão que a captação de água exerce sobre os recursos hídricos, permitindo o ajustamento das políticas de oferta e procura. Um WEI acima de 20% indica a presença de stress hídrico e acima de 40%, uma forte concorrência pela água com dificuldades para a manutenção dos ecossistemas. O estudo dos dados mostra que embora a água seja geralmente abundante na Europa, a escassez ainda afecta certas áreas em períodos específicos do ano. Durante o Inverno, cerca de 6% da população total da Europa vive em condições de stress, enquanto que o valor no Verão é de 14%, subindo para 53% nas zonas mediterrânicas. Com 11% do consumo total, o sector dos serviços tornou-se uma das principais pressões sobre os recursos hídricos renováveis. Áreas como as pequenas ilhas mediterrânicas estão sob grande stress devido a receberem 15 vezes mais turistas do que a população local. Podemos portanto concluir que a captação de água como percentagem do recurso total disponível fornece uma imagem clara e fácil de compreender das pressões sobre os recursos hídricos ao longo do tempo.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
