Science and technology, innovation and knowledge indicators: where are we? Where are we going?

Abstract

In describing how science and technology, innovation and knowledge indicators have developed, this article argues that we are currently in the third generation of these indicators. In this context we assess Portugal's relative position, which combines known weaknesses with some interesting developmental features. This analysis enables us to identify advantages and disadvantages of different types of indicators, as well as to see the complexity involved in the supply and use of an increasing number of statistical sources and resources. Finally, the article identifies navigational problems in a context where there is a lack of independence and solid theoretical framework.