hackaBIP: Possibilities and challenges of co-producing civic tech in Lisbon's local development
Keywords:
civic hacking, civic hackathon, civic tech, hackable cities, infrastructuring, local developmentAbstract
This study explores the potential of civic hacking to enhance local development in Lisbon, focusing on the hackaBIP civic hackathon as a participatory model for the co-production of digital tools. The research asks how to engage local initiative organisations in civic tech co-production and adopts the civic hackathon as a collaborative methodology and as a basis for designing an information infrastructure for sustainable collaboration. The Lisbon Local Development Strategy BIP/ZIP served as the context, given the need to improve the collaboration and monitoring capacities of its network of actors, understood under the penta-helix model of social innovation. The results show that, despite the potential of the civic techs generated to explore available open data and generate other necessary data, the initiative faced significant challenges, such as power imbalances between community actors and tech developers. Discussions highlight the importance of the igniter actor in sustaining ongoing collaboration, the need for academic institutions to engage more actively with community initiatives, and the need for local governments to be more responsive. Ultimately, this research argues for the establishment of hackable universities - open and transdisciplinary academic environments that foster dialogue with local initiatives to increase civic engagement and contribute to building hackable cities.
References
Adams, D. (1994). Urban Planning and the Development Process. UCL Press.
Allegretti, G., Tang, A., & Secchi, M. (2016). Escalas Híbridas de Engajamento Social: Como a integração de tecnologias pode ampliar os processos participativos? Em Geopolítica das cidades: Velhos desafios, novos problemas. (p. p.213-246). Ipea.
Ampatzidou, C., Bouw, M., Van de Klundert, F., De Lange, M., & De Waal, M. (2015). The Hackable City—A research Manifesto and design toolkit. Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing, Rose Leighton.
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
Barandiaran, X., Calleja, A., Monterde, A., Aragón, P., Linares, J., Romero, C., & Pereira, A. (2017). Decidim: Redes políticas y tecnopolíticas para la democracia participativa. RECERCA. Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi, 21, 137–150. https://doi.org/10.6035/Recerca.2017.21.8
Björgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., & Hillgren, P. (2010). Participatory Design And ‘Democratizing Innovation’. PDC ’10: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900448
Calleja-López, A. (2018). Technopolitical democratization and data commoning: The case of the Digital Democracy and Data Commons (DDDC) pilot. Decodeproject.eu., Working Paper.
Calzada, I. (2020). Democratising Smart Cities? Penta-Helix Multistakeholder Social Innovation Framework. Smart Cities, 3(4), 1145–1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040057
Calzada, I., Pérez-Batlle, M., & Batlle-Montserrat, J. (2023). People-Centered Smart Cities: An exploratory action research on the Cities’ Coalition for Digital Rights. Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(9), 1537–1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2021.1994861
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. (2010). Carta Dos BIP/ZIP: Bairros E Zonas De Intervenção Prioritária De Lisboa. Relatório—Metodologia De Identificação E Construção Da Carta Dos BIP/ZIP. https://bit.ly/2IGWRUX
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. (2024). Ciclo E Regras Do Programa BIP/ZIP Lisboa 2024-Parcerias Locais. https://bipzip.cm-lisboa.pt/
Campolargo, M., Amaral De Brito, D., & De Oliveira, Á. (2014). The Myneighbourhood Project—Towards the Human Smart City: European Project Space on Information and Communication Systems, 31–48. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006183000310048
Capello, R. (2011). Location, Regional Growth and Local Development Theories. Aestimum, 1-25 Pages. https://doi.org/10.13128/AESTIMUM-9559
De Waal, M., & De Lange, M. (2019). Introduction—The Hacker, the City and Their Institutions: From Grassroots Urbanism to Systemic Change. Em M. De Lange & M. De Waal (Eds.), The Hackable City (pp. 1–22). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2694-3_1
Del Signore, M., & Riether, G. (2018). Urban machines: Public space in a digital culture. LISt Lab.
Departamento Municipal de Habitação e Desenvolvimento Local. (2017). Good Practice Summary – Lisbon Local Development Strategy for Neighborhoods or Areas of Piority Intervention (BIP/ZIP): An integrated toolbox. http://urbact.eu/integrated-toolbox-deprived-neighbourhoods
E. Innes, J., & Booher, D. E. (2000). Indicators for Sustainable Communities: A Strategy Building on Complexity Theory and Distributed Intelligence. Planning Theory & Practice, 1(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649350020008378
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2019). The General Data Protection Regulation: One year on : civil society: awareness, opportunities and challenges. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2811/538633
Falanga, R. (2014). Participation and public sector: A democratic challenge. Universitas Humanas, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.5102/univhum.v10i2.2998
Falk, J., Kannabiran, G., & Hansen, N. B. (2021). What Do Hackathons Do? Understanding Participation in Hackathons Through Program Theory Analysis. Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445198
Falk Olesen, J., & Halskov, K. (2020). 10 Years of Research With and On Hackathons. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1073–1088. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395543
Author (2021).
Author (2020).
Friedman, Y. (1975). Toward a Scientific Architecture. MIT Press.
Himanem, P. (2001). The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age. Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Hou, Y., & Lampe, C. (2017). Sustainable Hacking: Characteristics of the Design and Adoption of Civic Hacking Projects. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1145/3083671.3083706
Iaione, C. (2016). The CO‐City: Sharing, Collaborating, Cooperating, and Commoning in the City. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 75(2), 415–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12145
Internet Rights and Principle Coalition. (2014). The Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet. United Nations Internet Governance Forum, IGF. https://internetrightsandprinciples.org/charter/
Johnson, P., & Robinson, P. (2014). Civic Hackathons: Innovation, Procurement, or Civic Engagement? Review of Policy Research, 31(4), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12074
Karasti, H. (2014). Infrastructuring in Participatory Design. PDC ’14, 141–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661435.2661450
Kitchin, R., Maalsen, S., & McArdle, G. (2015). The Praxis and Politics of Building Urban Dashboards. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608988
Kitsios, F., & Kamariotou, M. (2019). Beyond Open Data Hackathons: Exploring Digital Innovation Success. Information, 10(7), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10070235
Komssi, M., Pichlis, D., Raatikainen, M., Kindstrom, K., & Jarvinen, J. (2015). What are Hackathons for? IEEE Software, 32(5), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2014.78
Labaeye, A. (2019). Sharing Cities and Commoning: An Alternative Narrative for Just and Sustainable Cities. Sustainability, 11(16), 4358. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164358
Le Dantec, C. A., & DiSalvo, C. (2013). Infrastructuring and the Formation of Publics in Participatory Design. Social Studies of Science, 43(2), 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712471581
Linders, D. (2012). From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.06.003
Lodato, T. J., & DiSalvo, C. (2016). Issue-oriented hackathons as material participation. New Media & Society, 18(4), 539–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816629467
McCann, L. (2015). Experimental modes of civic engagement in civic tech (1st edition). Smart Chicago Collaborative.
Mendes, T. (2020a). Smart Cities: Iniciativas em Oposição À Cidade Neoliberal. Observatório das Metrópoles. http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.net.br/
Mendes, T. (2020b). Smart Cities: Solução para as Cidades ou Aprofundamento das Desigualdades Sociais? Observatório das Metrópoles. http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.net.br/
Mitlin, D., & Bartlett, S. (2018). Editorial: Co-production – key ideas. Environment & Urbanization, 30(2), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818791931
Morozov, E. (com Bria, F.). (2019). A cidade inteligente: Tecnologias urbanas e democracia. Ubu Editora.
O’Reilly, T. (2007). What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. Communications and Strategies, 65, 17–37.
O’Reilly, T. (2010). Government as a Platform. Em Open Government. Collaboration, Transparency and Participation in Practice. (pp. 11–42). O’Reilly Media.
Ostrom, E. (1996). Crossing the great divide: Coproduction, synergy, and development. World Development, 24(6), 1073–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00023-X
Pangrazio, L., & Sefton-Green, J. (2021). Digital Rights, Digital Citizenship and Digital Literacy: What’s the Difference? Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 10(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2021.1.616
Perng, S.-Y. (2019). Hackathons and the Practices and Possibilities of Participation. Em P. Cardullo, C. Di Feliciantonio, & R. Kitchin (Eds.), The Right to the Smart City (pp. 135–149). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-139-120191010
Rizzo, F., Deserti, A., & Cobanli, O. (2015). Design and Social Innovation for the Development of Human Smart Cities. Nordes 2015: Design Ecologies, 6.
Schliwa, G. (2018). Designing Urban Citizenship [Doctorship thesis]. Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester.
Schrock, A. (2018). Civic Tech. Making Technology Work for People. Rogue Academic Press.
Sennett, R. (2021). Construir e habitar (Editora Record). Editora Record.
Smith, A., & Martín, P. P. (2021). Going Beyond the Smart City? Implementing Technopolitical Platforms for Urban Democracy in Madrid and Barcelona. Journal of Urban Technology, 28(1–2), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1786337
Stalder, F. (2018). The Digital Condition. Polity Press.
Tauberer, J. (2014). Open Government Data: The Book (2.a ed.). https://opengovdata.io/
Townsend, A. M. (2014). Smart Cities. Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. W. W. Norton & Company.
UN-Habitat. (2021). People-Centered Smart Cities. https://unhabitat.org/people-centered-smart-cities
Wilson, B., & Chakraborty, A. (2019). Planning Smart(er) Cities: The Promise of Civic Technology. Journal of Urban Technology, 26(4), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2019.1631097
Wolff, A., Barker, M., Hudson, L., & Seffah, A. (2020). Supporting smart citizens: Design templates for co-designing data-intensive technologies. Cities, 101, 102695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102695
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Carolina Farias

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios by DINÂMIA'CET-IUL is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não-Comercial-Proibição de realização de Obras Derivadas 4.0 Unported License.Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at mailto:cidades.dinamiacet@iscte.pt.

