O sistema alimentar em Portugal
Transições para a sustentabilidade e políticas públicas
Palabras clave:
sistema alimentar, transição para a sustentabilidade, políticas públicasResumen
Este artigo tem como objetivo a identificação e análise crítica das políticas públicas com um papel chave na transição do sistema alimentar para um modelo sustentável através da referência ao caso português. A investigação dá resposta à seguinte pergunta: quais são as políticas públicas a mobilizar na transição do sistema alimentar português para formas mais sustentáveis? Após a revisão de literatura, com referência a alguns dos debates e conceitos centrais da problemática da transição do sistema alimentar, serão identificadas políticas públicas, europeias e nacionais, com grande impacto na transição do sistema alimentar para a sustentabilidade. O Pacto Ecológico Europeu constitui o ponto de partida. Seguem-se a Política Agrícola e de Desenvolvimento Rural Comum, a Política de Coesão Territorial, a Política de Ordenamento do Território e a Política de Aquisições Públicas. A importância da dimensão territorial e a necessidade de maior integração e coerência das políticas públicas para a transformação do sistema alimentar são as principais conclusões da investigação apresentada
Citas
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European Commission (EC). (2014). EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014-2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2785/36105
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FAO. (2018). Transition towards sustainable food and agriculture. An analysis of FAO’S 2018-2019 work plan. Available at: http://www.fao.org/in-action/agronoticias/detail/en/c/1118765/
Ferreiro, F., Lagoa, S., & Pina, L. (2016). "Territory and solidarity: the European Union territorial cohesion policy and the role of local institutions", Revista de Economia Solidária, 5, pp. 41–68.
INE. (2020). Estatísticas de uso e ocupação do solo. Available at: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=435668469&DESTAQUESmodo=2&xlang=pt
Lei nº 58/2007 - Aprova o Programa Nacional da Política de Ordenamento do Território, Pub. Diário da República n.o 170/2007, Série I (2007). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/640143/details/maximized
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Lei nº 31/2014, de 30 de maio - Lei de bases gerais da política pública de solos, de ordenamento do território e de urbanismo, Pub. Diário da República n.o 104/2014, Série I (2014). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/25345938/details/maximized
Neto, B., & Caldas, M. G. (2018). "The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food products and catering services: a review of EU schemes", Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(5), pp. 1905–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9992-y
Nosek, Š. (2017). "Territorial cohesion storylines in 2014–2020 Cohesion Policy", European Planning Studies, 25(12), pp. 2157–2174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1349079
OCDE.(2009). Regions Matter Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growth. Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/regions-matter_9789264076525-en
Popkin, B.M. (2017). "Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition", Nutrition Reviews, 75(2), pp. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw064
PWC. (2016). Stock-taking of administrative capacity, systems and practices across the EU to ensure the compliance and quality of public procurement involving European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds. Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d1082259-0202-11e6-b713-01aa75ed71a1
Salavisa, I. & Ferreiro, M.F. (2020). “Business Model Innovation and Transition to a Sustainable Food System: A Case Study in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area”, in F. Matos, V. Vairinhos, I. Salavisa, L..Edvinsson and M. Massaro (Eds), Knowledge, People, and Digital Transformation: Approaches for a Sustainable Future, Cham, Switzerland, Springer Nature, pp. 69-84.
Schebesta, H. (2018). "Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Food Procurement and Catering Services - Certification Schemes as the Main Determinant for Public Sustainable Food Purchases?", European Journal of Risk Regulation, 9(2), pp. 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2018.24
Schwanen, T. (2018). "Thinking complex interconnections: Transition, nexus and Geography", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 43(2), pp.262–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12223
Smith, A. (2006). "Green niches in sustainable development : the case of organic food in the United Kingdom", Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 24, pp. 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0514j
SNIAMB. (2014-2020). Atlas do Ambiente. Available at: https://sniamb.apambiente.pt/
Soldi, R. (2018). "Sustainable public procurement of food". Available at: https://doi.org/10.2863/1187
Sonnino, R., Tegoni, C. L. S., & De Cunto, A. (2019). "The challenge of systemic food change: Insights from cities", Cities, 85, pp. 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.08.008
Spaargaren, G., Oosterveer, P., & Loeber, A. (Eds.). (2012). Food Practices in Transition – Changing food consumption, retail and production in the age of reflexive modernity. New York and Abingdon: Routledge.
Stenmarck, Å., Jensen, C., Quested, T., Moates, G., Cseh, B., Juul, S., … Östergren, K. (2016). FUSIONS - Estimates of European food waste levels. Stockholm. Available at: https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates of European food waste levels.pdf%5Cnhttps://phys.org/news/2016-12-quarter-million-tonnes-food-logistics.html#nRlv
Wilson, G. (2008). "From ‘ weak ’ to ‘ strong ’ multifunctionality : Conceptualising farm-level multifunctional transitional pathways", Journal of Rural Studies, 24, pp. 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.12.010.
Barca, F. (2009). An Agenda for a reformed cohesion policy: A place-based approach to meeting European Union challenges and expectations. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/regi/dv/barca_report_/barca_report_en.pdf
Belz, F. M. (2004). "A Transition Towards Sustainability in the Swiss Agri-Food Chain (1970–2000): Using and Improving the Multi-level Perspective", in K. G. Boelie Elzen, Frank W. Geels (Eds.), System Innovation and the Transition to Sustainability: Theory, Evidence and Policy, Edward Elgar Pub, pp. 97–114.
Brunori, G., Barjolle, D., Dockes, A., Helmle, S., Ingram, J., Klerkx, L., … Tisenkopfs, T. (2013). "CAP Reform and Innovation : The Role of Learning and Innovation Networks", EuroChoices - The Agricultural Economics Society and the European Association of Agricultural Economists, 12(2), pp. 27–33.
Capello, R., & Perucca, G. (2018). "Understanding citizen perception of European Union Cohesion Policy: the role of the local context", Regional Studies, 52(11), pp.1451–1463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1397273
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2004). Terceiro relatório sobre a coesão económica e social: situação socioeconómica da União e impacto das políticas europeias e nacionais. Available at: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5a0088f9-c2a9-41c1-8543-a16307d9c214.0010.02/DOC_2
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2007). Tratado de Lisboa. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/ALL/?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:TOC
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2008). Livro Verde sobre a Coesão Territorial Europeia Tirar Partido da Diversidade Territorial. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/consultation/terco/paper_terco_pt.pdf
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2011). Agenda Territorial para a União Europeia 2020. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/communications/2011/territorial-agenda-of-the-european-union-2020
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2017). A Minha Região, A Minha Europa, O Nosso Futuro: Sétimo relatório sobre a coesão económica, social e territorial SWD(2017) 330 final. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=COM:2017:583:FIN&from=EN
Comissão Europeia (CE). (2019). Do prado ao prato - Pacto Ecológico Europeu. Available at: http://www.rederural.gov.pt/images/destaques/Farm_to_fork_pt.pdf.pdfEuropean
Darvas, Z., Mazza, J., & Midoes, C. (2019). "How to improve European Union cohesion policy for the next decade", Policy Contribution, (8), pp. 1–21
DGT. (2018). Cartografia de Ocupação do Solo. Direção Geral do Território. Available at:http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/cartografia_tematica/cartografia_de_uso_e_ocupacao_do_solo__cos_clc_e_copernicus_/
Declaração universal dos direitos humanos.(2000). Available at:https://dre.pt/declaracao-universal-dos-direitos-humanos
Decreto-Lei nº 166/2008 - Aprova o Regime Jurídico da Reserva Ecológica Nacional, Pub. Diário da República nº 162/2008, Série I (2008). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/453518/details/maximized
Decreto-Lei nº 73/2009 - Aprova o regime jurídico da Reserva Agrícola Nacional, Pub. Diário da República nº 63/2009, Série I (2009). Available at: https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/603209/details/maximized
Decreto-Lei nº 80/2015 - Aprova a revisão do Regime Jurídico dos Instrumentos de Gestão Territorial, Pub. Diário da República nº 93/2015, Série I (2015). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/67212743/details/maximized
El Bilali, H. (2019). "Research on agro-food sustainability transitions: A systematic review of research themes and an analysis of research gaps", Journal of Cleaner Production, 221, pp. 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.232
Estorninho, M. J. (Ed.). (2016). A transposição das diretivas europeias de 2014 e o código dos contratos públicos, Lisboa: Centro de Investigação de Direito Público - Faculdade de Direito de Lisboa.
European Commission (EC). (2014). EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014-2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2785/36105
European Commission (EC). (2016). Supporting social responsibility in the economy through public procurement. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/supporting-social-responsibility-economy-through-public-procurement_en
European Commission (EC). (2017). My Region, My Europe, Our Future. Seventh report on economic, social and territorial cohesion. Available at:https://doi.org/10.2776/176864
European Commission (EC). (2019a). The European Green Deal. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/european-green-deal-communication_en.pdf
European Commission (EC). (2019b). What is GPP. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/what_en.htm
European Commission (EC). (2020). The business case for biodiversity- The European Green Deal. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/actions-being-taken-eu/eu-biodiversity-strategy-2030_en
European Union (EU). (2016). Cap in Your Country: Portugal. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/farming/facts-and-figures/performance-agricultural-policy/agriculture-country/cap-specific-objectives-country_en
European Union (EU). (2019a). The Common Agricultural Policy: Separating fact from fiction. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/food-farming-fisheries/key_policies/documents/cap-separating-facts-from-fiction_en.pdf
European Union (EU). (2019b). The Post 2020 Common Agricultural Policy: Environmental Benefits and Simplification. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/food-farming-fisheries/key_policies/documents/cap-post-2020-environ-benefits-simplification_en.pdf
European Union (EU). (2020a). Future of the Common Agricultural Policy (2021-2027). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/key-policies/common-agricultural-policy/future-cap_en
European Union (EU). (2020b). The Common Agricultural Policy at a Glance (2014-2020). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/key-policies/common-agricultural-policy/cap-glance_en
FAO. (2018). Transition towards sustainable food and agriculture. An analysis of FAO’S 2018-2019 work plan. Available at: http://www.fao.org/in-action/agronoticias/detail/en/c/1118765/
Ferreiro, F., Lagoa, S., & Pina, L. (2016). "Territory and solidarity: the European Union territorial cohesion policy and the role of local institutions", Revista de Economia Solidária, 5, pp. 41–68.
INE. (2020). Estatísticas de uso e ocupação do solo. Available at: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=435668469&DESTAQUESmodo=2&xlang=pt
Lei nº 58/2007 - Aprova o Programa Nacional da Política de Ordenamento do Território, Pub. Diário da República n.o 170/2007, Série I (2007). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/640143/details/maximized
Lei nº 99/2019 - Primeira revisão do Programa Nacional da Política do Ordenamento do Território, Pub. Diário da República nº 170/2019, Série I (2019). Available at: https://dre.pt/home/-/dre/124457181/details/maximized
Lei nº 31/2014, de 30 de maio - Lei de bases gerais da política pública de solos, de ordenamento do território e de urbanismo, Pub. Diário da República n.o 104/2014, Série I (2014). Available at: https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/25345938/details/maximized
Neto, B., & Caldas, M. G. (2018). "The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food products and catering services: a review of EU schemes", Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(5), pp. 1905–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9992-y
Nosek, Š. (2017). "Territorial cohesion storylines in 2014–2020 Cohesion Policy", European Planning Studies, 25(12), pp. 2157–2174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1349079
OCDE.(2009). Regions Matter Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growth. Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/regions-matter_9789264076525-en
Popkin, B.M. (2017). "Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition", Nutrition Reviews, 75(2), pp. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw064
PWC. (2016). Stock-taking of administrative capacity, systems and practices across the EU to ensure the compliance and quality of public procurement involving European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds. Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d1082259-0202-11e6-b713-01aa75ed71a1
Salavisa, I. & Ferreiro, M.F. (2020). “Business Model Innovation and Transition to a Sustainable Food System: A Case Study in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area”, in F. Matos, V. Vairinhos, I. Salavisa, L..Edvinsson and M. Massaro (Eds), Knowledge, People, and Digital Transformation: Approaches for a Sustainable Future, Cham, Switzerland, Springer Nature, pp. 69-84.
Schebesta, H. (2018). "Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Food Procurement and Catering Services - Certification Schemes as the Main Determinant for Public Sustainable Food Purchases?", European Journal of Risk Regulation, 9(2), pp. 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2018.24
Schwanen, T. (2018). "Thinking complex interconnections: Transition, nexus and Geography", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 43(2), pp.262–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12223
Smith, A. (2006). "Green niches in sustainable development : the case of organic food in the United Kingdom", Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 24, pp. 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0514j
SNIAMB. (2014-2020). Atlas do Ambiente. Available at: https://sniamb.apambiente.pt/
Soldi, R. (2018). "Sustainable public procurement of food". Available at: https://doi.org/10.2863/1187
Sonnino, R., Tegoni, C. L. S., & De Cunto, A. (2019). "The challenge of systemic food change: Insights from cities", Cities, 85, pp. 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.08.008
Spaargaren, G., Oosterveer, P., & Loeber, A. (Eds.). (2012). Food Practices in Transition – Changing food consumption, retail and production in the age of reflexive modernity. New York and Abingdon: Routledge.
Stenmarck, Å., Jensen, C., Quested, T., Moates, G., Cseh, B., Juul, S., … Östergren, K. (2016). FUSIONS - Estimates of European food waste levels. Stockholm. Available at: https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates of European food waste levels.pdf%5Cnhttps://phys.org/news/2016-12-quarter-million-tonnes-food-logistics.html#nRlv
Wilson, G. (2008). "From ‘ weak ’ to ‘ strong ’ multifunctionality : Conceptualising farm-level multifunctional transitional pathways", Journal of Rural Studies, 24, pp. 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.12.010.
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Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios by DINÂMIA'CET-IUL is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não-Comercial-Proibição de realização de Obras Derivadas 4.0 Unported License.Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at mailto:cidades.dinamiacet@iscte.pt.
