Rock’n’roll, drugs, stigmas and risks
An approach to the current state of affairs in Portugal
Palabras clave:
rock'n'roll, risks, Portugal, social representations, identities, contemporaneityResumen
This article tries to explore the applicability of the epitome ‘Sex, drugs and rock’n’roll’ to the Portuguese social reality, particularly in the field of rock music. Rock music took its first steps in Portugal in the late 1950s/early 1960s, and from an early age, it has been associated with risky conducts, particularly linked to sex, alcohol, and the use of other licit and illicit substances. So, in the same way that happened in the Anglo-Saxon reality, this epitome encloses a vast process of moral panic production/reproduction in Portugal. Considering the absence of scientific research exploring the association between rock music, substance use and/or abuse and occasional and/or risky sexual conducts in Portugal, we consider it crucial to develop this approach. This article is based on factual and current data, particularly interviews from some protagonists of the Portuguese rock music scene.
Citas
Agra, C. (1995). Da rapsódia à sinfonia – epistema. Os modos elementares do pensamento das drogas [From rapsody to symphony. Epistema. Elementary ways of drug thinking], Toxicodependências, 3, 47–59.
Agresti, A. & Finlay, B. (2012). Métodos Estatísticos para as Ciências Sociais [Statistical methods for the social sciences]. Sao Paulo: Pensamento.
Antena 1. (2017, September 19). Consumo de droga, álcool e tabaco aumenta em Portugal [Drug, alcohol and tobacco consumption increases in Portugal]. https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/consumo-de-droga-alcool-e-tabaco-aumenta-em-portugal_a1028170
Arnett, J. (1991). Heavy metal music and reckless behavior among adolescents, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 573–593.
Arnett, J. (2002). The sounds of sex: Sex in teens' music and music videos. In J. D. Brown et al. (Eds.), Sexual teens, sexual media: Investigating media’s influence on adolescent sexuality (pp. 253–264). Mahwah, New Jersey & London: Lawrence Earl.
Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: The Free Press.
Blanning, T. (2011). O triunfo da música: a ascensão dos compositores, dos músicos e de sua arte [The triumph of music: the Rise of composers, musicians and their art]. Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Brake, M. (1985) Comparative youth culture: The sociology of youth cultures and youth subcultures in America, Britain, and Canada. London: Routledge.
Calado, V. G. (2007). Trance psicadélico, drogas sintéticas e paraísos artificiais – representações: Uma análise a partir do ciberespaço [Psychedelic trance, synthetic drugs and artificial paradises - representations: An analysis from the cyberspace], Toxicodependências, 13(1), 21–28.
Carvalho, M. C. A. (2016). Ambientes recreativos noturnos: As dimensões ambientais e os fenómenos do uso de substâncias psicoativas, do risco e da proteção [Nightime Recreational Environments - environmental dimensions and the phenomena of psychoactive substance use, risk and protection]. PhD thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto.
Christenson, P. & Roberts, D. F. (1998). It’s not only rock and roll: Popular music in the lives of adolescents. New Jersey: Hampton Press.
Christenson, P., et al. (2012). Booze, drugs, and pop music: Trends in substance portrayals in the billboard Top 100 – 1968-2008. Substance Use & Misuse, 47, 121–129.
Cohen, S. (2001). Popular music, gender and sexuality. In S. Frith et al. (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to pop and rock (pp. 226–242). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, S. (2002). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London & New York: Routledge.
Correio da Manhã. (2017, August 25). Droga do sexo à solta nos festivais de verão [Sex drug on the loose at summer festivals]. https://www.cmjornal.pt/exclusivos/detalhe/droga-do-sexo-a-solta-nos-festivais-de-verao
Costa, C. (2007). A droga, o poder político e os partidos em Portugal [Drugs, political power and political parties in Portugal]. Lisbon: Instituto da Droga e da Toxicodependência.
Dias, L. N. (2007). As drogas em Portugal: O fenómeno dos factos jurídico-políticos de 1970 a 2004 [Drugs in Portugal: The phenomenon of legal and political facts from 1970 to 2004]. Coimbra: Pé de Página Editores.
Elo, S., et al. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. Sage Open, 4(1), 1–10.
Encarnação, P. G. (2019). Drogas, mortes e rock and roll: Algumas representações na imprensa brasileira e portuguesa (1970-1985) [Drugs, deaths and rock and roll: Some representations in the Brazilian and Portuguese press (1970-1985)]. ANPUH Brazil, 30o Simpósio Nacional de História.
Fernandes, L. (1990). Os pós-modernos ou A cidade, o sector juvenil e as drogas [Postmoderns or The city, the youth sector and drugs].Master thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto.
Fernandes, L. (1993). Territórios psicotrópicos [Psychotropic territories]. In C. Agra et al. (Eds.), Dizer a droga, ouvir as drogas: Estudos teóricos e empíricos para uma ciência do comportamento aditivo [Say the drugs, listen to the drugs: Theoretical and empirical studies for a science of addictive behavior] (pp. 195–225). Porto: Radicário.
Frith, S. & Goodwin, A. (1990). On Record: Rock, pop, and the written word. London & New York: Routledge.
Frith, S. & McRobbie, A. (1978). Rock and sexuality. In S. Frith, & A. Goodwin (Eds.), On Record: Rock, pop, and the written word (pp. 3–19). London & New York: Routledge.
Guerra, P. (2010). A instável leveza do rock: Génese, dinâmica e consolidação do rock alternativo em Portugal (1980–2010) [The unstable lightness of rock: Genesis, dynamics and consolidation of alternative rock in Portugal (1980–2010)]. PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto.
Guerra, P. (2015). More than loud: os mundos dentro de cada som [More than loud: The worlds within each sound]. Porto: Edições Afrontamento.
Guerra, P. (2018). Gender is dead, pink is 4ever: Gender, differences and popular cultures. In P. Guerra et al. (Eds.), GENDER IS DEAD, PINK IS FOREVER: Gender, differences, identities and DIY cultures (pp. 3–17). Porto: Universidade do Porto.
Guerra, P., et al. (2016). Estigma, experimentação e risco: A questão do álcool e das drogas na cena punk [Stigma, experimentation and risk: Alcohol and drugs in the punk scene]. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 109, 33–62.
Guerra, P. & Quintela, P. (2018). O resto ainda é Hebdige [The rest is still Hebdige]. In D. Hebdige (Eds.), Subcultura. O significado do estilo [Subculture: The meaning of style]. Lisbon: Maldoror, 2018.
Grossberg, L. (1993). The framing of rock: Rock and the new 193 conservatism. In T. Bennett et al. (Eds.), Rock and popular music: Politics, policies, institutions (pp. 193–209). London & New York: Routledge.
Hall, C. P., et al. (2013). Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug references in lyrics of popular music from 1959 to 2009. Addiction Research and Theory, 21(3), 207–215.
Hebdige, D. (2004). Subcultura. El significado del estilo [Subculture: The Meaning of Style]. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica.
Inglis, I. (2007) Sex and drugs and rock’n’roll’: Urban legends and popular music. Popular Music and Society, 30(5), 591–603.
Jornal de Notícias.(2017, August 16). Detidos 11 suspeitos de tráfico de droga em festival de música [11 drug trafficking suspects arrested at a music festival]. https://www.jn.pt/justica/onze-pessoas-detidas-em-oliveira-do-hospital-por-suspeita-de-trafico-de-droga-8709063.html
Kalof, L. (1993). Dilemmas of feminity. The Sociological Quarterly, 34, 639–651.
Marcus, G. (2000). Mistery train: Images of America in rock’n’roll music. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
Marques, A. R. V. S. (2008). A(s) droga(s) e a(s) toxicodependência(s): Representações sociais e políticas em Portugal [Drug (s) and drug addiction (s): Social and political representations in Portugal]. Master thesis, Faculty of Economics of the University of Porto.
Martin, C. R. (1995). The naturalized gender order of rock and roll. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 19(1), 53–74.
Martins, A. (2019). Estigmas, rotulações e apropriações no rock português (1960-2020) [Stigmas, labeling and appropriations in Portuguese rock music (1960-2020)]. In P. Guerra, & L. Dabul (Eds.), De vidas artes [Life arts] (pp. 314–324). Porto: Faculdade de Letras.
McNamara, L. & Ballard, M. E. (1999). Resting arousal, sensation seeking, and music preference. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125, 229–250.
Miller, K. E. & Quigley, B. M. (2011). Sensation-seeking, performance genres and substance use among musicians. Psychology of Music, 40(4), 389–410.
Monteiro, J. M. M. P. (2013). Da liamba ao pó: Perspetivas sobre o percurso nacional das drogas [From liamba to dust: Perspectives on the national drug course.]. Masters thesis, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto.
Mulder, J., et al. (2009). The soundtrack of substance use: Music preference and adolescent smoking and drinking. Substance Use & Misuse, 44(4), 514–531.
Mulder, J. et al. (2010). Is it the music? Peer substance use as a mediator of the link between music preferences and adolescent substance use. Journal of Adolescence, 2010, 1–8.
Neves, D. M. B. (2013). Intimidade e vida sexual: Mudanças e continuidades numa perspectiva de género e geração. PhD thesis, University Institute of Lisbon.
Nofre, J. & Eldrigde, A. (2018). Exploring Nightlife. Space, Society and Governance. USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Oliveira, A. (2019). Do ethos à praxis. Carreiras DIY na cena musical independente em Portugal [From ethos to praxis. DIY careers in the Portuguese independent music scene]. In P. Guerra, & L. Dabul (Eds.), De vidas artes [Life arts] (pp. 421–442). Porto: Faculdade de letras da Universidade do Porto.
Pais, J. M. (2003). Culturas juvenis [Youth Cultures]. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda.
Paraire, P. (1992). 50 Anos de música rock [50 Years of Rock Music]. Lisbon: Pergaminho.
Pardun, C. J., et al. (2005). Linking exposure to outcomes: Early adolescents’ consumption of sexual content in six media. Mass Communication & Society, 8(2), 75–91.
Poiares, C. A. (1995). A legislação penal da droga: Contribuição para uma análise do discurso do legislador [Criminal drug legislation: Contribution to an analysis of the legislator's discourse]. Toxicodependências, 3, 17–29.
Primack, B. A., et al. (2008). Content analysis of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. Popular Music, in Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 162(2), 169–175.
Público. (2017, April 5). Surto de hepatite A não está controlado. DGS preocupada com festivais de Verão [Hepatitis A outbreak is not controlled. DGS concerned about summer festivals]. https://www.publico.pt/2017/04/05/sociedade/noticia/surto-de-hepatite-a-nao-esta-controlado-dgs-preocupada-com-festivais-de-verao-1767719
Quintas, J. (1997). Drogados e consumos de drogas: Análise das representações sociais [Drug addicts and drug uses: Analysis of the social representations]. Master thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto.
Ribeiro, J. S. (1999). Contributos para a história dos consumos de drogas em Portugal [Contributions to the history of drug use in Portugal]. Toxicodependências, 5(3), 3–9.
Roberts, D. F., et al. (2009). Adolescence, adolescents, and media. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, 2, 314–344.
Roberts, D. F. & Christenson, P. (2011). Popular music: The soundtrack of adolescence. In D. Singer, & J. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 479–500). New York: Sage.
Salema, F. (2017). Fazer canções aqui e agora: Um olhar sobre a música popular portuguesa independente do novo milénio - o circuito lisboeta [Making songs here and now: A look at the Portuguese popular independent music of the new millennium - the Lisbon circuit.]. Faculty of Humanities of the University of Lisbon.
Sallas, A. & Bega, M. (2006). Por uma Sociologia da Juventude: Releituras contemporâneas [For a Sociology of Youth: Contemporary reinterpretations]. Política & Sociedade, 8, 31–58.
Savage, J. (2002). England’s sreaming: Les Sex Pistols et le punk. Paris: Éditions Allia.
Shapero, D. (2015). The impact of technology on music star’s cultural influence. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6(1), 20–27.
Shapiro, H. (2003). Waiting for the man. London: Helter Skelter Publishing.
Sic Notícias. (2017, August 16). Onze pessoas detidas no Freedom Festival por suspeita de tráfico de droga [Eleven people arrested at the Freedom Festival on suspicion of drug trafficking]. https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2017-08-16-Onze-pessoas-detidas-no-Freedom-Festival-por-suspeita-de-trafico-de-droga
Singer, S. I, et al. (1993). Heavy metal music preference, delinquent friends, social control, and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 317–329.
TVI 24. (2017, August 31). Quase 30 detidos por tráfico de droga em festival em ponte de sor [Almost 30 arrested for drug trafficking at a festival in Ponte de Sor]. https://tvi24.iol.pt/sociedade/detencoes/quase-30-detidos-por-trafico-de-droga-em-festival-em-ponte-de-sor
Vuolo, M., et al. (2013). Taste clusters of music and drugs: Evidence from three analytic levels. British Journal of Sociology, 65(3), 529–54.
Vuolo, M. & Uggen, C. (2005). Music and drugs: A fixed effects analysis of cultural preferences and substance use in U.S. radio markets, in Running Head. Music and Drugs, 10–102.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Ana Martins, Paula Guerra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios by DINÂMIA'CET-IUL is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não-Comercial-Proibição de realização de Obras Derivadas 4.0 Unported License.Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at mailto:cidades.dinamiacet@iscte.pt.
