O que acontece quando adolescentes raciocinam sobre espaços públicos?
Lições aprendidas com a cocriação em Lisboa
Palavras-chave:
planeamento de espaços públicos, processos cocriativos, adolescentes, pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, desafios do placemakingResumo
Esta contribuição, assente no Projeto Europeu XXX, adereça a co-criação de espaços públicos abertos e placemaking pela perspetiva dos adolescentes, analisando as suas práticas e necessidades espaciais e as ideias co-produzidas para um espaço público sensível aos adolescentes. Os resultados do Projeto têm de ser considerados face ao contexto atual de pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2, que tem desafiado a continuidade do espaço urbano, do placemaking e da investigação. Agora, mais do que nunca, é fundamental desenvolver estratégias para espaços públicos inclusivos e responsivos. Os objetivos deste artigo são: 1) introduzir a dinâmica e conhecimento adquirido num estudo de caso em Lisboa, enquadrado por um Projeto de investigação; 2) apresentar uma revisão da literatura relacionada com o planeamento urbano, especialmente sobre a produção e uso do espaço público, no contexto de pandemia global; 3) e refletir sobre os desafios ontológicos e metodológicos que assolam o placemaking, assim como da necessidade de promover abordagens colaborativas.
Referências
Almeida, I., Batista, J. S., Menezes, M., & Smaniotto Costa, C. (2018). Adolescentes e Cocriação do Espaço Público. Oficinas Temáticas de Urbanismo 2017 - 2018. Relatório Preliminar sobre o Estudo de Caso de Lisboa. Lisboa: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas. https://c3places.eu/sites/default/files/publications/Relatorio Oficinas Urbanismo 240718.pdf
Boo, F. L. (2020, July 27). Crianças invisíveis, outro efeito da pandemia, El País. https://brasil.elpais.com/opiniao/2020-07-27/criancas-invisiveis-outro-efeito-da-pandemia.html
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
CML - Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (2015). Lisboa: O desenho da rua. Manual do espaço público. Lisboa: CML. http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/viver/urbanismo/espaco-publico
CML (2012). LX-Europa 2020 - Lisboa no quadro do próximo período de programação comunitário. Lisboa: CML. https://issuu.com/camara_municipal_lisboa/docs/lisboa_europa_2020_versao_online/4
CML (2009). Carta Estratégica de Lisboa 2010/24 - Um compromisso para o futuro da cidade. Lisboa: CML. https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/municipio/camara/documentos/Carta_Estrategica_Lisboa_2010_2024.pdf
Carmona, M., Heath, T., Tiesdell, S., & Oc, T. (2003). Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design. Michigan: Architectural Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.12167
Children’s Commissioner. (2020) Teenagers falling through the gaps. https://www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk/publication/teenagers-falling-through-the-gaps/
Coelho, A. B. (2007). Alvalade, de Faria da Costa. Uma cidade na cidade - o mistério de Alvalade. https://infohabitar.blogspot.com/2007/12/alvalade-de-faria-da-costa-uma-cidade.html
Costa, J. P. (2002). Bairro de Alvalade: Um Paradigma no Urbanismo Português. Lisboa: Horizonte Arquitectura.
Decree-Law n.º 54/2018 (2018). Presidência do Conselho de Ministros. Diário da República n.º 129/2018, Série I de 2018-07-06, 2918-2928. https://data.dre.pt/eli/dec-lei/54/2018/07/06/p/dre/pt/html
Design Council (2020). Using design to reduce health inequalities. Virtual roundtable discussion summary publication. Design Council. https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/asset/document/Health and Wellbeing Roundtable Summary.pdf
Ennew, J. (1994). Time for children or time for adults (pp. 125–144). In J. Qvortrup (Ed.), Childhood matters: social theory, practice and politics. Aldershot: Avebury.
Estrela, E., Smaniotto Costa, C. (2019). Reflections on territorial capacity - the interplay between education and understanding and acting in the urban fabric (pp. 25-34). In Menezes, M. & Smaniotto Costa, C. (Eds.), Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives. Lisbon: Lusófona University Press. http://cyberparks-project.eu/sites/default/files/publications/cultureterritories3.pdf
Gehl (2020). Public Space & Public Life during COVID 19. Gehl, Municipality of Copenhagen and Realdania. Retrieved 23 November 2020, https://covid19.gehlpeople.com/files/report.pdf
Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hamidi, S., Ewing, R., & Sabouri, S. (2020). Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between development density and the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates: Early evidence from 1,165 metropolitan counties in the United States, Health Place, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102378
Honey-Rosés, J., Anguelovski, I., Chireh, V. K., Daher, C., Bosch, C. K., Litt, J. S., Mawani, V., McCall, M. K., Orellana, A., Oscilowicz, E., Sánchez, U., Senbel, M., Tan, X., Villagomez, E., Zapata, O. & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on public space: an early review of the emerging questions – design, perceptions and inequities, Cities & Health, Special Issue: COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1780074
Innerarity, D. (2006). O novo espaço público. Lisboa: Teorema.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and life of Great American Cities. New York and Toronto: Vintage Books - Random House.
Jones McVey, R., Clancy, I., Curzon Price, A., Hall Dixon, S. R., Qiu, J., & Song, M. (2020). Youth in a viral age: a collated auto-ethnographic response by young people (dis)orientated in strange times, Social Anthropology, 28(2), 289–290. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12815
Kang, M., Choi, Y., Kim, J., Lee, K. O., Lee, S., Park, I. K., Park, J. & Seo I. (2020). COVID-19 impact on city and region: what’s next after lockdown?, International Journal of Urban Sciences, 24(3), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2020.1803107
Laughlin, D. L. & Johnson, L. C. (2011). Defining and exploring public space: perspectives of young people from Regent Park, Toronto, Children’s Geographies, 9 (November), 439–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2011.590703
Lefebvre, H. (1974 [1991]). The Production of Space. Malden, Oxford and Victoria: Blackwell Publishing.
Lentini, L. & Decortis, F. (2010). Space and places: When interacting with and in physical space becomes a meaningful experience, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 14(5), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0267-y
Lito, R. & Bento, S. (2020, Octobre, 18). O vírus do exagero nas escolas: pais e alunos protestam, Sábado. https://www.sabado.pt/vida/detalhe/o-virus-do-exagero-nas-escolas-pais-e-alunos-protestam
Marchesi, M (2020). From sociality to social distancing: reversing values of solidarity in Italy, Social Anthropology, 28(2), 309–310. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12885
Megaheda, N. A., & Ghoneimb, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic, Sustainable Cities and Society, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
Mitchell, D. (1995). The End of Public Space? People's Park, Definitions of the Public, and Democracy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 85(1), 108-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01797.xa
Moreno, C. (n. d.). The 15 minutes-city: for a new chrono-urbanism! Carlos Moreno Website. http://www.moreno-web.net/the-15-minutes-city-for-a-new-chrono-urbanism-pr-carlos-moreno/
Muñoz, S. A. (2009). Children in the Outdoors: A literature Review. Forres: Sustainable Development Research Centre. https://www.ltl.org.uk/childhood/documents/Childrenintheoutdoorsliteraturereview_tcm4-597028.pdf
Orben, A., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2020). The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health, The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 8(4), 634-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3
Owens, P. E. (2002). No Teens Allowed: The Exclusion of Adolescents from Public Spaces. Landscape Journal, 21(1), 156–163. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.21.1.156
Pais, J. M. (1993). Culturas Juvenis. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional da Casa da Moeda.
PPS. (n. d.). What Makes a Successful Place?, Project for Public Spaces. https://www.pps.org/reference/grplacefeat
Qvortrup, J. (1994). Childhood matters: An introduction (pp. 1–24). In J. Qvortrup (Ed.), Childhood matters: social theory, practice and politics, Aldershot: Avebury.
Ramírez, I. J., & Lee, J. (2020). COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph17113856
Ribeiro, L. C. de Q. (2020). As metrópoles e a COVID-19: Dossiê Nacional (apresentação), INCT Observatório das Metrópoles. https://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.net.br/as-metropoles-e-a-covid-19-dossie-nacional
Schütz, F., Heidingsfelder, M.L. & Schraudner, M. (2019). Co-shaping the Future in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems: Uncovering Public Preferences toward Participatory Research and Innovation, She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 5(2), 128–146. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.04.002
Sennett, R. (1977). The Fall of Public Man. London: Penguin Books.
Settersten R. A., Bernardi, L., Härkönen, J., Antonucci, T. C., Dykstra, P. A., Heckhausen, J. Kuh, D., Mayer, K. U., Moen, P., Mortimer, J. T., Mulder, C. H., Smeeding, T. M., Lippe, T., Hagestad, G. O., Kohli, M., Levy, R., Schoon, I., & Thomson, E. (2020). Understanding the effects of Covid-19 through a life course lens, Advances in Life Course Research, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100360
Skelton, T. & Valentine, G. (Eds.). (1998). Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures. London and New York: Routledge.
Smaniotto Costa, C., Solipa Batista, J., Almeida, I., & Menezes, M. (2020). Exploring teenagers’ spatial practices and needs in light of new communication technologies, Cities, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102574
Smaniotto Costa, C., Solipa Batista, J., Almeida, I., Menezes, M., Skaržauskienė, A., Mačiulienė, M., Botteldooren, D., van Renterghem, T., Pizzi, R., Ceravolo, P., Šuklje Erjavec, I., Žlender, V., Goličnik Marušić, B. (2021). Using ICT for Co-Creation of Inclusive Public Places. C3Places Project. Lisbon: Lusófona University Press. https://doi.org/0.24140/2021/EB-978-989-757-154-1
Smaniotto Costa, C., Šuklje Erjavec, I. & Matthey, J. (Ed.) (2008). GreenKeys @ your city - A Guide for Urban Green Quality. Dresden: IOER
Strecht, P. (2011). Uma Certa Harmonia Notas sobre arquitectura, urbanismo e saúde mental infanto-juvenil. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim.
Thompson, C. W. (2002). Urban open space in the 21st century, Landscape and Urban Planning, 60(2), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00059-2
Tostões, A. (2001). O Bairro de Alvalade no quadro do desenvolvimento urbano de Lisboa. In AA.VV., Lisboa: Conhecer Pensar Fazer Cidade. Lisboa: Centro de Informação Urbana de Lisboa.
UN-Habitat (2015). Adequate Open Public Space in Cities. A Human Settlements Indicator for Monitoring the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda, UN-Habitat.
UN-Habitat (2016). New Urban Agenda: Quito Declaration on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements for All, Habitat III Conference. UN-Habitat. http://www.eukn.eu/news/detail/agreed-final-draft-of-the-new-urban-agenda-is-now-available/
UN-Habitat (2020). UN-Habitat key message on COVID-19 and public space, UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/05/unh_covid-19_ps_key_message.pdf
UN_Habitat (2021). Cities and Pandemics: Towards a More Just, Green and Healthy Future, UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/un-habitat-report-on-cities-and-pandemics-towards-a-more-just-green-and-healthy-future
Vachianno, F. (2020). On the proximity of distancing: notes on Northern Italy, Social Anthropology, 28(2), 309–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12885
Valentine, G. (2004). Public space and the culture of childhood. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Van Vliet, W. (1983). Exploring the fourth environment: An Examination of the Home Range of City and Suburban Teenagers, Environment and Behavior, 15(5), 567–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916583155002
Woolley, H. (2003). Urban open spaces. London and New York: Routledge.
Wyn, J. & White R. (1997). Rethinking youth. Crow’s Nest: Unwin & Allen.
You, H., Wu, X., & Guo, X. (2020). Distribution of COVID-19 Morbidity Rate in Association with Social and Economic Factors in Wuhan, China: Implications for Urban Development, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103417
Žlender, V., Šuklje Erjavec, I. and Goličnik Marušić, B. (2021). Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process: Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice, Planning Practice & Research, 36(3), 247-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2020.1829286
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2021 Carlos Smaniotto Costa, Joana Solipa Batista, Marluci Menezes
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios by DINÂMIA'CET-IUL is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não-Comercial-Proibição de realização de Obras Derivadas 4.0 Unported License.Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at mailto:cidades.dinamiacet@iscte.pt.