Bens comuns emergentes: Habitação Cooperativa na Suíça
Palavras-chave:
habitação a preços acessíveis, modelos de habitação, cooperativas de habitação, bens comunsResumo
O acesso a habitação de qualidade e a preços acessíveis é um desafio crescente, ao qual a sociedade civil tem respondido com experiências de habitação participativas e autogeridas. As cooperativas de habitação na Suíça fazem parte deste fenómeno. A teoria do duplo movimento de Polanyi e o trabalho de Ostrom sobre os bens comuns são utilizados para investigar as motivações e práticas dos membros de cooperativas de habitação autogeridas em Genebra e Zurique. Seguindo a metodologia do estudo de caso, os resultados mostram que a principal motivação dos membros da cooperativa é a desmercadorização da habitação. As práticas comuns incluem práticas baseadas na partilha e na solidariedade, aprendizagem mútua, flexibilidade para a entrada e saída de membros e decisões da assembleia geral sobre sustentabilidade financeira e ambiental. Os grupos criam práticas comuns para aceder a financiamento, conhecimentos e solidariedade através de redes de múltiplos intervenientes, em especial arquitectos sem fins lucrativos. À medida que aumenta a confiança nas práticas de autogestão, os grupos são capazes de se empenhar na inovação sustentável. A adoção e a reprodução tornam as suas experiências habitacionais escaláveis, configurando um modelo em termos de conceito e prática. Como resultado do aumento da experiência e da reputação, os membros das cooperativas de habitação tornam-se defensores da habitação a preços acessíveis nos referendos suíços. A noção de Ostrom de bens comuns pode dar contributos valiosos para a investigação em sociologia urbana sobre os bens comuns, necessária para a construção de habitação a preços acessíveis desmercantilizada.
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(see galley for additional references)
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