O desenvolvimento local em contextos territoriais de contração: contributos para um modelo de análise
Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento Territorial, Desenvolvimento Local, Território, Desenvolvimento Humano, Qualidade de Vida, Contração TerritorialResumo
Neste artigo elabora-se uma análise, essencialmente conceptual, sobre as estratégias de desenvolvimento e os desafios enfrentados por territórios “em contração”, procurando partir de uma compreensão alargada dos fatores que explicam a configuração espacial na atual fase do capitalismo. Por um lado, revisita-se a literatura sobre o desenvolvimento regional e local, procurando questionar a evolução geral das teorias e políticas de desenvolvimento, designadamente à escala local e regional. Por outro lado, explora-se a literatura que procura compreender as dinâmicas que explicam a distribuição espacial da atividade humana e o crescimento das cidades, atentando à configuração geográfica da economia do conhecimento, procurando a partir daí identificar as particularidades das condicionantes ao desenvolvimento dos territórios em contração. Do confronto destas duas revisões de literatura, e procurando uma compreensão articulada dos principais contributos de ambas, procura-se perceber a relação teórica e conceptual entre desenvolvimento local, contração territorial e qualidade vida. Este exercício tem como objetivo a identificação dos limites de aplicação geográfica dos modelos desenvolvimento contemporâneos, e achar novos princípios orientadores da atuação dos agentes nos territórios em contração. Como resultado desta análise, julga-se vantajosa a adoção de estratégias de desenvolvimento beyond growth, centradas na valorização intrínseca das esferas não económicas do desenvolvimento. Assumindo a centralidade da ideia de qualidade de vida e a diversidade de fatores que contribuem para os processos de desenvolvimento e de contração territorial, importa valorizar os atributos qualitativos dos lugares, bem como os fatores relacionais e afetivos do território, reconhecendo a sua relevância nas decisões locativas das pessoas.
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