State’s International Responsability

between Codification and Reality

Authors

  • José Alberto Azeredo Lopes Assistente da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Porto)

Abstract

The international responsibility law, formerly restricted to matters related with foreign citizens, has been developed to the actual general system involving all areas of responsibility among states. In this process it is important to underline the work of codification undertaken fifty years ago by the United Nations Commission of International Law. Among the issues treated one should emphasise the regime of aggravated responsibility applied to cases of aggression, violation of human rights or serious violation of the right to people’s self determination. Finally, it is important to consider the disencounter between reality (namely, the recent issue of military retaliation) and the project of codification that is about to be finalised.

Published

2025-09-01