Macrossomia Neonatal: Fatores de Risco e Complicações Pós-parto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v26.i1.9370Palavras-chave:
Macrossomia, peso ao nascimento, complicações obstétricas, complicações neonataisResumo
Introdução/Objetivos: O termo macrossomia é usado para descrever recém-nascidos (RN) com peso ao nascimento superior a determinado limite, sendo o mais comumente utilizado ≥4000 g. Tem sido associado a diversas complicações durante e após o parto, quer para a mãe, quer para RN. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar quais os fatores de risco e as complicações mais frequentemente associadas à macrossomia em crianças nascidas no mesmo período em dois hospitais portugueses: Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães (HSOG) e Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (CHCB).
Material e Métodos: Efetuou-se um estudo caso-controlo, observacional e retrospetivo. Foram incluídos 860 RN: 711 do grupo controlo (peso ao nascimento entre 2500-3999 g), sendo 281 do CHCB e 430 do HSOG, e 149 macrossómicos (peso ≥4000 g), sendo 30 do CHCB e 119 do HSOG. Compararam-se os fatores de risco para macrossomia e as complicações neonatais e maternas com os controlos, utilizando-se o programa IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0®.
Resultados: Verificou-se associação entre sexo masculino, maior peso prévio à gravidez e maior idade gestacional e macrossomia nos dois hospitais. Encontrou-se ainda associação com multiparidade, irmão macrossómico e aumento ponderal durante a gestação no HSOG e com diabetes materna no CHCB. As complicações associadas à macrossomia foram: desproporção feto-pélvica, maior percentagem de cesarianas e distócia de ombros no HSOG e hipoglicemia no CHCB.
Conclusões: O estudo revelou aumento da incidência de complicações maternas e neonatais em contexto de macrossomia. A eliminação dos fatores de risco modificáveis afigura-se fundamental na diminuição da morbilidade.
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