Conjuntivocalásia: Um Artigo de Revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48560/rspo.24081Palavras-chave:
Doenças da Conjuntiva/diagnóstico, Doenças da Conjuntiva/epidemiologia, Doenças da Conjuntiva/patologia, Doenças da Conjuntiva/tratamento, Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos, Síndromes do Olho Seco/diagnósticoResumo
A conjuntivocalásia é uma doença crónica da conjuntiva frequentemente subdiagnosticada. Tem como principal característica a presença de pregas de conjuntiva laxa e redundante, classicamente localizadas na conjuntiva inferior. É frequentemente bilateral e a sua prevalência aumenta dramaticamente nos idosos. O exato mecanismo patogénico permanece ainda desconhecido. A conjuntivocalásia tem sido fortemente relacionada com o envelhecimento e a presença concomitante dedoença de olho seco. A patofisiologia atualmente reconhecida está associada com fricção mecânica, instabilidade do filme lacrimal, atraso de drenagem lacrimal e inflamação da superfície ocular. Nem todos os casos de conjuntivocalásia são sintomáticos e clinicamente significativos. Dependendo da gravidade, pode levar a um vasto espectro de sintomas que inclui desde a exacerbação da doença do olho seco em formas ligeiras, à interferência no fluxo lacrimal fisiológico nas formas moderadas ou, raramente, a complicações por exposição nos casos severos. O diagnóstico é clínico e principalmente suportado por uma história clínica detalhada e achados biomicroscópicos. Nos casos assintomáticos não é necessário qualquer tratamento específico. Na presença de doença sintomática, a abordagem terapêutica inicia-se com o tratamento médico. Nos casos refratários, várias intervenções cirúrgicas estão atualmente disponíveis como abordagem de segunda linha.
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