Evidência Subclínica de Alterações Microvasculares na Retina em Doentes Obesos

Autores

  • Rita Laiginhas PDICSS, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal.
  • Marta Guimarães Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Endocrine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Porto, Porto Portugal. Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto Portugal.
  • Pedro Cardoso Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
  • Hugo Santos-Sousa Department of Surgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
  • John Preto Department of Surgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
  • Mário Nora Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Endocrine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Porto, Porto Portugal. Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto Portugal.
  • João Chibante Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
  • Fernando Falcão-Reis Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
  • Manuel Falcão Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48560/rspo.25385

Palavras-chave:

Microvasos, Tomografia de Coerência Óptica, Vasos Retinianos

Resumo

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos de investigação não clínica suportam a evidência da associação direta entre a obesidade e o aumento de stress oxidativo, diminuição da disponibilidade de óxido nítrico e consequente disfunção endotelial. Contudo, o impacto destas alterações in vivo é difícil de avaliar devido à inacessibilidade destes microvasos. Com este estudo pretendeu-se avaliar o impacto da obesidade na microcirculação e estrutura da retina usando tecnologia não invasiva clinicamente disponível.

MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados doentes obesos (índice de massa corporal, IMC BMI ≥ 35 kg/ m2) sem história de doença microvascular clinicamente evidente. A estrutura da retina macular foi avaliada usando tomografia de coerência ótica (OCT), medindo-se a espessura das diferentes camadas. As propriedades microvasculares da mácula foram avaliadas usando OCT angiografia, avaliando-se as propriedades da zona avascular foveal e a densidade vascular no plexo superficial e profundo. Foram realizados ajustes para variáveis clinicamente relevantes.

RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 79 participantes (49 obesos, 30 controlos matched para a idade). Foram detetados sinais de alterações da microvasculatura macular dos doentes obesos quando comparando com os controlos (aumento das dimensões e irregularidade da zona avascular foveal - área: 0,38±0,12 vs 0,32±0,10 mm2, p=0,037; perímetro: 2,33±0,37 vs 2,08±0,35 mm, p=0,002; circularidade: 0,85±0,09 vs 0,91±0,04, p<0,001- e diminuição da densidade vascular parafoveal no plexo profundo, 67,7±9,8 vs 62,4±10,1, p=0,020). Estas diferenças mantiveram-se após ajuste para o diagnóstico clínico de diabetes. Não foram encontradas diferenças aquando da comparação do componente estrutural.

CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade no nosso estudo mostrou-se associada a sinais de atingimento da microvasculatura retiniana, quando comparando com o grupo de controlo. Estes sinais podem refletir um processo mais amplo de atingimento sistémico da microvasculatura que merece atenção, dada a crescente epidemia mundial da obesidade, pelo potencial lesivo de órgãos-alvo a longo-prazo.

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Publicado

2022-12-30

Como Citar

Laiginhas, R., Guimarães, M., Cardoso, P., Santos-Sousa, H., Preto, J., Nora, M., Chibante, J., Falcão-Reis, F., & Falcão, M. (2022). Evidência Subclínica de Alterações Microvasculares na Retina em Doentes Obesos. Revista Sociedade Portuguesa De Oftalmologia, 46(4), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.48560/rspo.25385

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