“From Bedside to Bench and Back Again”: Análise Exploratória do Papel dos Óleos Essenciais como Potencial Tratamento da Queratite Fúngica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48560/rspo.38196Palavras-chave:
Antifúngicos, Óleos Voláteis, Queratite/tratamentoResumo
INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia antifúngica de óleos essenciais (OE) extraídos de plantas medicinais: Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. (nativa do Vale do Côa, Portugal) e Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, contra agentes da queratite fúngica (QF).MÉTODOS: Foram colhidas amostras de córnea de doentes com suspeita de queratite infeciosa na ULS Coimbra (Coimbra) e na ULS São João (Porto). Os isolamentos fúngicos confirmados foram caracterizados. Foi avaliada a sua suscetibilidade aos OEs em diversas concentrações, pelo método de disco-difusão em fase sólida, determinando as suas propriedades inibitórias e fungicidas. Os diâmetros da zona de inibição (IZD) em redor dos discos foram registados aos 3º, 5º, 7º, 10º e 14º dias de incubação.
RESULTADOS: Catorze amostras positivas foram obtidas em 6 meses. Observou-se um predomínio de Candida spp. O OE de Cymbopogon citratus demonstrou uma atividade antifúngica excecional, com inibição completa de Aspergillus fumigatus e Scedosporium apiospermum em todas as concentrações, mantendo IZDs máximos durante os 14 dias. Contra Candida spp., o IZD para Cymbopogon citratus aumentou ao longo do tempo, à concentração de 100%, tendo evoluído de 68 mm (ao 3º dia) para 81,7 mm (ao 14º dia), no caso de Candida albicans, e de 51,7 mm para 71,3 mm, no caso de Candida parapsilosis. O OE de Lavandula pedunculata apresentou elevada atividade contra Aspergillus fumigatus e Scedosporium apiospermum, no início da incubação, diminuindo os IZDs ao longo do tempo, independente da concentração do OE. A sua eficácia contra Candida spp. mostrou baixa atividade, sendo variável ao longo do tempo e da concentração.
CONCLUSÃO: Os OEs de Cymbopogon citratus e Lavandula pedunculata constituem alternativos agentes antifúngicos, fornecendo bases para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos. A eficácia notável de OE de Cymbopogon citratus contra vários agentes favorece a sua utilização na prática clínica, enquanto o OE de Lavandula pedunculata requer mais estudos esclarecedores do seu potencial antifúngico. Otimizar as concentrações de OE e a duração da exposição é crucial para maximizar a sua eficácia. São necessários mais estudos para compreender o papel dos OEs no microambiente corneano e o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.
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