Mixed States: A hundred years after Emil Kraepelin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25752/psi.6032Keywords:
Mixed States, Kraepelin, Concept EvolutionAbstract
Emil Kraepelin first described mixed states, in 1899. He defined six types of mixed states, as a combination of opposite mood, thought and behavioural symptoms, and he further distinguished two groups of mixed forms, the transition and the autonomous forms. This concept, revitalized by Akiskal describes an affective episode that happens in a person with a temperament of opposite polarity. Thus, mixed states have a nuclear place in the diagnosis of mood disorder and recent studies have gone beyond the limited DSM–IV definition of affective disorders. The current paper aims at creating a summary review of the evolution of mixed states since the ancient times till today.
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