Experiencia de los Enfermeros de Cuidados Paliativos en el Cuidado de la Higiene Bucal: Revisión Sistemática Cualitativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI25.90.42364Palabras clave:
enfermería, salud bucal, higiene bucal, cuidados paliativos, cuidado en el final de la vida, enfermería de cuidados paliativos al final de la vidaResumen
Introducción: Aunque el personal de enfermería reconoce la importancia de los cuidados de higiene bucal, la bibliografía pone de manifiesto importantes carencias en su aplicación en los cuidados paliativos.
Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de los enfermeros en la prestación de cuidados de higiene bucal en cuidados paliativos.
Metodología: Revisión sistemática cualitativa según las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Se definieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión en función de la población, el fenómeno de interés y el contexto. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health Collection y Scopus, sin restricciones temporales. La selección, la evaluación metodológica y el análisis mediante metagregación fueron realizados por dos revisores independientes.
Resultados: Se incluyeron cuatro estudios, de los que se obtuvieron 21 resultados inequívocos, que dieron lugar a una síntesis: los cuidados de higiene bucal en cuidados paliativos suelen ser descuidados por el personal de enfermería, a pesar de su impacto en el bienestar y la comodidad de las personas en la etapa terminal de la vida. Este descuido se debe a limitaciones institucionales, escasez de recursos, síntomas debilitantes y resistencia de los pacientes.
Conclusión: La experiencia de los enfermeros se ve marcada por barreras institucionales y estructurales, así como por dificultades para lograr que los pacientes sigan el tratamiento.
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