La familia y la experiencia de la discapacidad física adquirida: desafíos y estrategias en el cuidado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2025.40611Palabras clave:
Familia de Personas con Discapacidades, Personas con Discapacidad, Enfermería en Rehabilitación, Relaciones Familiares, Calidad de Vida, Inclusión SocialResumen
Introducción: La adquisición de una discapacidad física por parte de un miembro de la familia impone desafíos estructurales, emocionales y sociales, afectando la dinámica familiar y el Buen Vivir. Este estudio analiza la experiencia de las familias en el proceso de adaptación a la discapacidad física adquirida e investiga las estrategias y dinámicas familiares en el cuidado y apoyo a la persona con discapacidad física dquirida.
Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico y un muestreo intencional. Participaron ocho familiares de personas con discapacidad física adquirida. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido según Bardin. Para la codificación, se empleó el software ATLAS.ti 25®.
Resultados: Emergieron tres categorías principales: (1) Accesibilidad e Inclusión Social, destacando barreras arquitectónicas e institucionales; (2) Actitudes y Prejuicios, evidenciando los impactos del capacitismo y la exclusión social; y (3) Dinámicas Familiares, abordando la reorganización de las rutinas, la sobrecarga de los cuidadores y las estrategias de resiliencia.
Discusión: Los resultados indican que la adaptación a la discapacidad implica desafíos físicos, emocionales y económicos. La falta de apoyo adecuado agrava la sobrecarga de los familiares y afecta negativamente al Buen vivir.
Conclusión: El estudio refuerza la necesidad de políticas públicas eficaces y de la intervención de la enfermería de rehabilitación para fortalecer el papel de la familia como unidad de cuidado, promoviendo el Buen Vivir de las personas con discapacidad y de sus familiares.
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