Mobbing – Acoso Moral en el Trabajo como factor desencadenante del Estrés Laboral en las Enfermeras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48492/servir0209.33831Palabras clave:
Assédio Moral, Bullying, Enfermeiro, Mobbing, StressResumen
Introducción: La experiencia del Acoso Moral en el Trabajo (AMT) en Enfermería tiene importantes consecuencias, que acentúan la relevancia de la investigación en el área.
Objetivo/s: Caracterizar los estudios que asumen el estatus de elementos muestrales; Identificar las categorías que expresan los contornos del AMT; analizar la justificación de la literatura para las categorías de TMA encontradas.
Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, a partir de la muestra, seleccionada en las bases de datos Web of Science y PubMed, utilizando el método PRISMA y los criterios PICO. La selección surge de la expresión de búsqueda y de los términos MeSH, conjugados con los operadores booleanos (Moral Harassment) OR (Mobbing) OR (Bullying) AND (Enfermería) AND (Lugar de trabajo) AND (Estrés). Un total de 261 estudios fueron elegibles para revisión, de los cuales 11 respondieron a la pregunta de investigación; emergiendo de 4 países de Europa, 4 de Asia, 1 de América del Sur y 1 de Australia.
Resultados: Se identificaron 18 categorías que expresan los contornos de la AMT: las categorías fuertes son "Burnout – agotamiento emocional y despersonalización", a partir de 8 Componentes Discursivos (CD), de 6 estudios, seguidas de "Insatisfacción laboral, Sentimientos de fracaso y Frustración" de 5 CD de 5 estudios; y también "Estrés Ocupacional, Menor Capacidad de Manejo del Estrés", "Relación entre la exposición al acoso vertical/horizontal y la satisfacción laboral" por 4 CDs de 4 estudios, respectivamente.
Conclusión: Las comorbilidades resultantes de la AMT - burnout y sintomatología psicosomática - son indicadores para futuras investigaciones y formación de enfermeiros, así como para la implementación de estrategias preventivas.
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