Main socioeconomic opportunities and challenges resulting from the Angolan demographic configuration

Abstract

Knowing demographic issues and taking them into account in a country's decision-making process is a fundamental element for the success of public policies and well-being. A demographic growth and/or decrease has consequences, that is, opportunities and challenges.

This text aims to analyze the socio-economic challenges and opportunities resulting from the demographic configuration.

Using the technique of bibliographic research and bibliographic review, the present study was essentially based on the review of the available literature on the subject, mainly the consultation of studies already carried out in other countries such as Mozambique, Cape Verde. Various statistical data on demographic dynamics and population composition were also used, which allowed the production of “indispensable” graphic representations for the analysis of the subject under consideration.

Therefore, statistical data from various sources were used, highlighting those produced by the National Institute of Statistics: General Population and Housing Census (RGPH-2014); Population Projection for the period 2014-2050, Employment Survey in Angola, Multiple Health Indicators Survey 2015-2016, Study on the Demographic Dividend in Angola, among others.

In the aforementioned research work, it was clear and evident that the young population structure that Angola presents, ends up being an essential socio-economic opportunity.

The exponential population growth rate observed in Angola (3.2%) and the high fertility rate constitute social and economic challenges that must be faced. This accelerated demographic growth is not sustainable, as it is not accompanied by the rate of economic growth and investments desired to take advantage of the demographic dividend.