Beyond Bone Metastasis: Unveiling Non-Metastatic Mimics

Abstract

Bone metastases are common in the oncological setting, and their diagnosis is usually evident. Nonetheless, differentiating malignant from benign lesions can present significant challenges, as various benign musculoskeletal conditions may mimic metastatic processes. Consequently, specialised intervention by a radiologist is fundamental to establish a correct diagnosis and guide therapeutic strategy. This article reviews four benign entities initially interpreted as possible metastases, highlighting that definitive diagnosis relies on an integrated approach, combining imaging features, clinical and laboratory data, and, when ambiguity persists, biopsy and histological confirmation.