A política imperial de D. João V para o sertão da África oriental: guerra e diplomacia nos Rios de Sena

Abstract

The turn of the 18th century was a dramatic period for Portuguescinterests in the East African hinterland. The Changamira dynasty of Butua had expanded northwards after conquering part of Mukaranga. They then established their tutelage over the Mutapa state and expelled the Portuguese from the fairs of the Karanga plateau, where the latter obtained most of the wares that were sent to India, especially gold. During the early decades of the 18th century, war and diplomacy dominated correspondence with the region and figured prominently in the lists of instructions (regimentos) given to Portuguese governors. They also proved to be important tools that helped revive commercial activities. The Portuguese adaptation to the new political scenario in the region entailed intense negotiations, frequently interspersed with military clashes. This article examines the main guidelines of policies during the reign of João V with regard to relations with African powers in East Africa, south of the Zambezi River, in a bid to identify elements of continuity and rupture. It then seeks to frame these policies within the context of the Portuguese empire and to articulate different views about relations with African states on the part of Goa and Lisbon, which were conditioned by local interests.