The changing nature of representation in New Zealand

Abstract

In this paper, the role of members of parliament (MPs) under MMP in New Zealand is evaluated. Some have suggested that mixed electoral system preserve the valued direct link between constituent and representative while allowing for a broader representation of opinions, interests and parties in parliament. Using data from focus groups and surveys, I examine how electorate and list MPs are evaluated and the nature of the relationship between voters and representatives under New Zealand's mixed member proportional (MMP) electoral system. The results suggest that, as expected, electorate MPs are more recognizable to voters and have more contact with constituents than list MPs. In general, list MPs have very low approval ratings but they are highly valued by citizens who have had contact with them. The results also suggest that the ability to determine the identity of the representative or express a preference for a particular candidate is valued by New Zealand citizens, and, as such, there is a high degree of support for an open party list. The implications of this for MMP in New Zealand are explored and a link is found between a desire for an open party list and overall evaluations of MMP.