Institutions and collective action: construction and explanation of an empirical typology of social enterprises in Portugal

Abstract

Bearing in mind the growing scientific and political interest in social enterprises, and the lack of knowledge in Portugal, we present an empirical typology. Historical and sociological institutionalist perspectives are adopted, identifying and explaining five models in relation to institutional contexts. The construction, development and retraction of the Welfare State is highlighted. The construction and the explanation of this typology are based on a multilevel analysis of institutional frameworks, at national level, and a multiple case study of organizational characteristics, trajectories and discourses. It contributes to the understanding of organizational innovations emerging from the social economy and the for-profit sector.