Resiliência urbana pró-Sustentabilidade e planeamento sob incerteza
Palabras clave:
resiliência urbana, planeamento urbano pró-resiliência, sustentabilidade, incerteza, transformalidadeResumen
O estudo da resiliência urbana assume-se como uma área de interesse dos investigadores, técnicos de planeamento e decisores políticos. Disponibiliza um quadro teórico e um conjunto de dispositivos analíticos e operativos para enfrentar as consequências e os riscos complexos que decorrem da recorrência e do incremento da magnitude das tensões, crises e catástrofes que, não raras vezes, questionam as formas de sobrevivência da espécie humana.
Sistemas urbanos resilientes pressupõem planeamento urbano orientado para fortalecer, no longo prazo, capacidade de aprendizagem (preparação), robustez (persistência), inovação (transformabilidade) e flexibilidade (adaptabilidade) não obstante os contextos de crise e/ou de transições repentinas. Planear resiliência urbana implica que se estruturem soluções para responder a riscos associados a crises e catástrofes esperados e inesperados.
O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para um debate sobre formas de catapultar as teorias e as práticas de planeamento para um estádio a partir do qual seja possível lidar com as crescentes fontes de incerteza. Esse propósito carece de referenciais teóricos e práticos capazes de injetar resiliência nos sistemas urbanos, viabilizando trajetórias orientadas para a sustentabilidade, entendida como meta-objetivo civilizacional. O contributo para esta discussão, apresentado neste trabalho, permite clarificar a constelação de conceitos e o estado de maturação do referencial teórico. Permite também considerar de que forma a resiliência pode servir de base normativa para a sustentabilidade e quais os pressupostos para planear resiliência urbana em contexto de ampliação de riscos, crises, catástrofes e incertezas.
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