The potential of integrated transport modes
Modelling the combined use of bicycles and train in Lisbon, Portugal
Palavras-chave:
urban accessibility, bicycles and train, transport modes comparison, GISResumo
Muitas capitais estão a expandir as suas ciclovias ou a investir em sistemas públicos de partilha de bicicletas para tornar a mobilidade ciclável uma solução de transporte viável dentro das áreas urbanas. Enquanto as bicicletas são adequadas para viagens de curta distância (<15 minutos), a sua atratividade diminui para viagens mais longas (Handy et al., 2014; Jäppinen et al., 2013). Assim, é oportuno estimar em que medida a acessibilidade pode ser aumentada quando as soluções modais como a bicicleta-comboio estão disponíveis. Neste artigo, é realizada uma análise quantitativa de diferentes cenários de mobilidade. O objetivo é avaliar como a duração da viagem e a acessibilidade às amenidades por bicicleta podem ser melhoradas se o transporte público, como o comboio, for considerado. A metodologia baseia-se em dados abertos e na análise detalhada da rede viária baseada em SIG para examinar a relação espacial entre oportunidades de transporte, duração da viagem e acesso a amenidades em Lisboa, Portugal. São considerados três cenários de mobilidade: no primeiro cenário, são avaliadas as viagens de curta distância de bicicleta a partir da residência (15 minutos de viagem). Em seguida, e com o objetivo de avaliar a contribuição na duração de viagem do potencial deslocamento modal (bicicleta e comboio) vs. automóvel individual, são apresentados o segundo e o terceiro cenários considerando viagens de maior distância dentro da cidade de Lisboa, às horas de ponta. Os resultados sugerem que, para viagens mais longas, o uso combinado de bicicleta e comboio pode ser uma alternativa mais rápida do que o uso individual do carro. Simultaneamente, o ciclismo multimodal permite expandir a área de influência dos ciclistas, aumentando a acessibilidade a amenidades. Assim, as pessoas que vivem perto das estações de comboio podem se beneficiar de uma proximidade “potencial” a uma diversidade de amenidades geograficamente mais distantes. Em Lisboa, 34% da população vive até 10 minutos de bicicleta das 8 estações da Linha Cintura e pode assim beneficiar desta combinação de modos de transporte. Os urbanistas podem usar essa metodologia para priorizar espaços onde investir nas acessibilidades pode ter maior impacto em termos de melhoria das conexões entre residências e destinos. Esta metodologia, desenvolvida e testada em Lisboa, pode ser aplicada noutras cidades para apoiar intervenções de planeamento em alternativas sustentáveis de transporte.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Teresa Santos, Ricardo Nogueira Mendes, Rui Pedro Julião
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