Anafilaxia em idade pediátrica: uma visão global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v29.i2.17896Palavras-chave:
Adolescência, adrenalina, anafilaxia, crianças, reação alérgica sistémicaResumo
A anafilaxia define-se como uma reação de hipersensibilidade aguda grave, que pode estar associada a risco de vida. A sua prevalência e incidência são difíceis de estimar, mas parecem estar a aumentar, sobretudo na faixa etária pediátrica. A apresentação clínica da anafilaxia varia de acordo com a idade e fatores individuais. Apesar de existirem critérios clínicos já estabelecidos, inclusive em idade pediátrica, o diagnóstico desta entidade pode ser difícil. A alergia alimentar é a causa mais comum de anafilaxia em idade pediátrica, especialmente em idade pré-escolar. As reações desencadeadas por fármacos e por veneno de himenópteros são também importantes, sendo que a sua relevância vai aumentado depois da adolescência. A abordagem desta condição envolve o diagnóstico, identificação apropriada dos agentes implicados, tratamento de fase aguda e planificação da abordagem a longo prazo. A referenciação rápida para um Imunoalergologista é recomendada, uma vez que o estudo alergológico é fundamental para a implementação de medidas preventivas. Nesta revisão, os autores discutem aspetos da anafilaxia em idade pediátrica, com o objetivo de fornecer informação que possa otimizar a abordagem desta entidade.
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