Investigação Etiológica da Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo – o Estado da Arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v27.i3.12106Palavras-chave:
Autismo, genética, neurodesenvolvimentoResumo
A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo é uma Perturbação do Neurodesenvolvimento, que se carateriza por défice na interação social e pela presença de padrões restritos, repetitivos e estereotipados de comportamentos, interesses e atividades. A etiologia das Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo é frequentemente genética, existindo várias doenças monogénicas claramente associadas a esta perturbação. Avanços significativos na genética molecular aumentaram a taxa de diagnóstico etiológico para cerca de 30 a 40% na última década.
O estabelecimento de um diagnóstico etiológico definitivo facilita a referenciação para os serviços de apoio na comunidade, contribui para o conhecimento de eventuais condições médicas associadas e para a prevenção da morbimortalidade, elimina a realização de exames auxiliares de diagnóstico inadequados e facilita o aconselhamento genético individualizado.
Os autores apresentam uma proposta de investigação etiológica desta patologia, incluindo critérios para realização de avaliação metabólica complementar, realização de neuroimagem e eletroencefalograma e variados estudos genéticos (citogenética convencional, arrays de hibridização genómica comparativa, estudos moleculares dirigidos, painéis multigénicos e sequenciação exómica completa).
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