Lesão renal aguda numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v28.i1.14855Palavras-chave:
lesão renal aguda, criança, cuidados intensivos pediátricos, fatores de riscoResumo
Introdução: A lesão renal aguda (LRA) é um problema frequente em cuidados intensivos pediátricos, estando associada a morbilidade e mortalidade aumentadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a incidência, fatores de risco e prognóstico da LRA numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP).
Materiais e Métodos: Foi efetuado um estudo exploratório com colheita prospetiva de dados entre julho e dezembro de 2017. Foram analisados os dados clínicos e bioquímicos de todos os doentes admitidos na UCIP e aplicada a classificação Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Doentes com duração de internamento inferior a 48 horas e com doença renal previamente conhecida foram excluídos do estudo.
Resultados: Durante o período de estudo, 32 de 112 crianças apresentaram LRA. A mediana de tempo de diagnóstico foi o segundo dia de admissão. No total, 59.4% dos casos cumpriram o critério de creatinina, 68.8% o critério de débito urinário e 28.1%, ambos os critérios. Os graus de KDIGO 1, 2 e 3 representaram 50.0%, 28.1% e 21.9% dos casos, respetivamente.
Foi observada recuperação total em 56.3% dos casos, recuperação parcial em 21.9% e 15.6% dos casos não apresentaram recuperação da função renal. Ventilação invasiva (p=0.028), uso de inotrópicos (p=0.043) e choque (p=0.043) foram fatores de risco independentes para LRA. A mortalidade nos doentes com LRA (15.6%) foi superior à dos doentes sem LRA (1.3%; p=0.007).
Conclusão: A LRA é uma complicação comum em cuidados intensivos pediátricos, especialmente nos primeiros dias de admissão. Ambos os critérios de creatinina e débito urinário devem ser utilizados para o diagnóstico. O uso de ventilação mecânica e/ou fármacos inotrópicos e choque são fatores de risco frequentes e devem conduzir a uma monitorização cuidadosa para um diagnóstico e tratamento atempados.
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