Esofagite eosinofílica em idade pediátrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v26.i2.9517Palavras-chave:
Esofagite eosinofílica, idade pediátrica, etipatogenia, diagnóstico, tratamentoResumo
Introdução: A Esofagite Eosinofílica (EEo) é uma causa cada vez mais frequente de esofagite em crianças e adultos, que requer monitorização intensiva e tratamento para prevenir complicações.
Objetivos: Rever a etiopatogenia, diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento da EEo em idade pediátrica.
Desenvolvimento: A EEo pode afetar qualquer indivíduo em qualquer idade. Irritabilidade, recusa alimentar e atraso estaturo- ponderal são caraterísticas clássicas que se apresentam na infância, enquanto que disfagia e impactação de alimentos ocorrem sobretudo na criança em idade escolar e adulto jovem. A endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsias de diferentes locais do esófago para pesquisa de eosinófilos é essencial para o diagnóstico de EEo. O tratamento baseia-se em três pilares principais: dieta de evicção alimentar, farmacoterapia e dilatação esofágica. O objetivo é a resposta sintomática e histológica, com redução do risco de lesão do esófago e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Em crianças, e mais recentemente em adultos, vários tipos de dieta de evicção têm mostrado eficácia em reduzir a inflamação eosinofilíca. Em crianças mais velhas e adultos, preparações tópicas de corticosteroides deglutidos têm sido frequentemente usadas.
Conclusão: A EEo é uma patologia emergente com critérios de diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas que demonstraram ser eficazes, sendo que o diagnóstico precoce é importante para prevenir complicações. Ainda não foram encontrados biomarcadores menos invasivos para o diagnóstico e monitorização da EEo, tornando-se importante a colaboração de uma equipa multidisciplinar.
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