A psychometric evaluation of the Vietnamese version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI24.51.35494

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorder, affiliate stigma, caregivers, factor analysis, psychometrics

Abstract

Background: The Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) is the most used instrument to assess affiliate stigma in caregivers with different mental health issues. However, there has not been a Vietnamese version of this scale with clear psychometric properties.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Affiliate Stigma Scale in the Vietnamese context.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study among 300 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using purposive sampling and a self-administered structured questionnaire including the Affiliate Stigma Scale - Vietnamese version. Data were collected from February to September 2023.

Results: The psychometrics and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the instrument’s internal consistency and construct validity. The total scale showed a good Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94. The three-factor model had an acceptable fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.93, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.068).

Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of Affiliate Stigma Scale exhibited good validity and reliability for nurses and other pediatric professionals to assess affiliate stigma among parents of children with ASD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, A., Hassiotis, A., Strydom, A., & King, M. (2012). Self stigma in people with intellectual disabilities and courtesy stigma in family carers: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 2122-2140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.013

Alshaigi, K., Albraheem, R., Alsaleem, K., Zakaria, M., Jobeir, A., & Aldhalaan, H. (2020). Stigmatization among parents of autism spectrum disorder children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 7(3), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.06.003

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

Cantwell, J., Muldoon, O., & Gallagher, S. (2015). The influence of self-esteem and social support on the relationship between stigma and depressive symptomology in parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59(10), 948-957. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12205

Chan, K. K., & Lam, C. B. (2017). Trait mindfulness attenuates the adverse psychological impact of stigma on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Mindfulness, 8(4), 984-994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0675-9

Chan, K. K., & Lam, C. B. (2018). Self-stigma among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 48, 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.001

Chang, C. C., Su, J. A., & Lin, C. Y. (2016). Using the Affiliate Stigma Scale with caregivers of people with dementia: Psychometric evaluation. Alzheimers Research & Therapy, 8(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-016-0213-y

Corrigan, P., & Watson, A. F. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35

Dehnavi, S., Malekpour, M., Faramarzi, S., & Talebi, H. (2011). The share of internalized stigma and autism quotient in predicting the mental health of mothers with autism children in Iran. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(20), 261-269.

Farrugia, D. (2009). Exploring stigma: Medical knowledge and the stigmatisation of parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Sociology Health Illness, 31(7), 1011-1027. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01174.x

Gray, D. (2002). Everybody just freezes: Everybody is just embarrassed: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24, 734-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00316

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson.

Hoang, V. M., Le, T. V., Chu, T. T., Le, B. N., Duong, M. D., Thanh N. M., Pham, V. T., Minas, H., & Bui, T. T. (2019). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and their relation to selected socio-demographic factors among children aged 18-30 months in northern Vietnam, 2017. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 13, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-019-0285-8

Hoefman, R., Payakachat, N., van Exel, J., Kuhlthau, K., Kovacs, E., Pyne, J., & Tilford, J. M. (2014). Caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder and parents’ quality of life: Application of the CarerQol. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(8), 1933-1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2066-1

Khanh, T., Mai, T., & Hoang, P. (2023). Stigma among parents of children with autism: An integrative review. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 27(3), 530-548. https://doi.org/10.60099/prijnr.2023.261650

Kumari, R., Ranjan, J. K., Verma, S., & Asthana, H. S. (2022). Hindi adaptation and psychometric validation of the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 44(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620939253

Lodder, A., Papadopoulos, C., & Randhawa, G. (2019). Stigma of living as an autism carer: A brief psycho-social support intervention (SOLACE): Study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Studies, 5(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-019-0406-9

Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D. L., Wiggins, L. D., Pettygrove, S., Andrews, J. G., Lopez, M., Hudson, A., Baroud, T., Schwenk, Y., White, T., Rosenberg, C. R., Lee, L. C., Harrington, R. A., Huston, M., ... Dietz, P. M. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years: Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. Morbility and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1

Mak, W., & Cheung, R. (2008). Affiliate stigma among caregivers of people with intellectual disability or mental illness. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21(6), 532-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00426.x

Mitter, N., Ali, A., & Scior, K. (2018). Stigma experienced by family members of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Multidimensional construct. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.39

Papadopoulos, A., Tafiadis, D., Tsapara, A., Skapinakis, P., Tzoufi, M., & Siafaka, V. (2022). Validation of the Greek version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. BJPsych Open, 8(1), e30. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1083

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommenddations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147

Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268-274.

Ting, Z., Wang, Y., & Yi, C. (2018). Affiliate stigma and depression in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders in China: Effects of self-esteem, shame and family functioning. Psychiatry Research, 264, 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.071

Vilagut, G. (2014). Test-retest reliability. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 6622-6625). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3001

Werner, S., & Shulman, C. (2015). Does type of disability make a difference in affiliate stigma among family caregivers of individuals with autism, intellectual disability or physical disability? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59(3), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12136

Wong, C., Mak, W., & Liao, K. (2016). Self-compassion: A potential buffer against affiliate stigma experienced by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Mindfulness, 7, 1385-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0580-2

Yun, Y., Syed Jaapar, S. Z., Fadzil, N., & Kueh, Y. C. (2018). Valdation of the Malay version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale among caregivers of patients with mental illness. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(6), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.13

Zuckerman, K. E., Lindly, O. J., Reyes, N. M., Chavez, A. E., Cobian, M., Macias, K., Reynolds, A. M., & Smith, K. A. (2018). Parent perceptions of community autism spectrum disorder stigma: Measure validation and associations in a multi-site sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(9), 3199-3209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3586-x

Published

2024-12-13

How to Cite

Khanh, T. L., Hoang, P. A., Nguyen, H. T., & Mai, A. T. (2024). A psychometric evaluation of the Vietnamese version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Journal of Nursing Referência, 6(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI24.51.35494

Issue

Section

Research Articles