Perineal Protection Techniques for Women in Labor: A Scoping Review on the Reduction of Perineal Tears During Vaginal Birth
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI25.32.40981Keywords:
perineal tears, massage, perineum, thermotherapy, natural childbirth, scoping reviewAbstract
Background: Perineal tears are a common complication of vaginal delivery. They are associated with pain, bleeding, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Perineal massages, the application of warm compresses, and the hands-on and hands-off techniques are used to prevent perineal tears. However, evidence of their effectiveness is limited.
Objective: To map the evidence on the effectiveness of perineal protection techniques in reducing perineal tears during vaginal deliveries.
Methodology: A scoping review was conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Primary quantitative studies (2014–2024) written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish that evaluated perineal tears as the primary outcome were included. The PCC mnemonic device was used to define the population, concept, and context. Secondary and qualitative studies were excluded. Two reviewers performed selection, extraction, and analysis.
Results: Eleven studies were included and grouped into the following four categories: Perineal protection techniques and respective clinical outcomes; Maternal factors and impact on tears; Intrapartum interventions and respective outcomes; and Preventive strategies and clinical efficacy.
Conclusion: Perineal protection techniques have the potential to reduce perineal tears. However, the variability of results underscores the need for further investigation. Future multicenter studies with robust methodologies are essential to standardizing practices and reinforcing evidence-based obstetric care.
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References
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