Técnicas de Protección Perineal en Parturientas: Revisión Exploratoria sobre la Reducción de Laceraciones en el Parto Vaginal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI25.32.40981Palabras clave:
laceración perineal, masaje, perineo, termoterapia, parto natural, revisión del alcanceResumen
Marco contextual: Las laceraciones perineales son complicaciones frecuentes en el parto vaginal, asociadas com dolor, hemorragia y disfunción del suelo pélvico. Se utilizan técnicas como el masaje perineal, las compresas tibias, las hands-on y hands-off para prevenirlas, pero la evidencia de su eficacia es limitada.
Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia de la eficacia de las técnicas de protección perineal en la reducción de las laceraciones perineales en los partos vaginales.
Metodología: Revisión de alcance según JBI y PRISMA-ScR. Se incluyeron estudios cuantitativos primários (2014-2024), en portugués, inglés y español, que evaluaron las laceraciones como resultado primario. Se aplicó la mnemotécnica PCC para definir la población, el concepto y el contexto. Se excluyeron los estúdios secundarios y cualitativos. Selección, extracción y análisis realizados por dos revisores.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 estudios, agrupados en técnicas de protección perineal y resultados clínicos; factores maternos e impacto en las laceraciones; intervenciones intraparto y resultados; estrategias preventivas y eficacia clínica.
Conclusión: Las técnicas de protección perineal muestran potencial para reducir las laceraciones, pero la variabilidad de los resultados pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones. Es fundamental llevar a cabo futuros estudios multicéntricos con metodologías sólidas para estandarizar las prácticas y reforzar la atención obstétrica basada en la evidencia.
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