Remunicipalizations in perspective: Mafra in the context of an international movement

Abstract

In recent years, the remunicipalization of essential services has been gaining prominence as a response
to the limitations of privatization models. This article analyzes the case of Mafra as a central example,
contextualizing it through comparison with international experiences in cities such as Paris, Berlin and
Barcelona. Based on a literature review and case studies, the motivations, challenges and impacts of these processes are explored, particularly the restoration of public control, the financial costs involved, the governance models adopted, and the consequences for labor relations. The results indicate that remunicipalization, when well-structured, can strengthen transparency, democratic participation, and the sustainability of public services, although it faces obstacles such as financing contract reversals, resistance from the private sector, and labor differences between the private and public sectors.