O poder público e o setor hoteleiro: perceções, cooperação e desafios ao desenvolvimento social do município de Inhambane, Moçambique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57883/thij18(1)2022.30912Palabras clave:
Empresas hoteleras, Instituciones gubernamentales, Planificación turística, Desarrollo socialResumen
Este trabajo analiza la cooperación entre empresas del sector hotelero e instituciones gubernamentales en el municipio de Inhambane, con el objetivo de mejorar las prácticas hoteleras en el contexto de la responsabilidad social corporativa y las políticas públicas tendentes a la concomitancia entre el desarrollo turístico del territorio y el desarrollo social de la comunidad local. Metodológicamente, la investigación sigue un paradigma constructivista, presentando un carácter cualitativo. En este contexto, se entrevista a tres directores de hoteles, a la Asociación de Hostelería y Turismo de Inhambane, a la Escuela Superior de Hostelería y Turismo de Inhambane y también a nueve instituciones gubernamentales. Las dimensiones objeto de análisis son las recomendadas por Midgley (2014) para la praxis del desarrollo social: desarrollo del capital humano, desarrollo del capital social, creación de empleo, contribución a las microempresas, creación de activos, protección social y planificación social. Se observa que las prácticas hoteleras tienen un rastro de precariedad laboral, poca asunción de la responsabilidad social corporativa, falta de cooperación con las instituciones de gobierno local, posturas medioambientales erróneas y poco compromiso con la mejora de las infraestructuras de bienestar municipal. Concluimos que es urgente normalizar las relaciones institucionales entre las empresas hoteleras y las entidades gubernamentales, así como establecer foros de consulta comunitaria que permitan una participación efectiva de la población local en la planificación del desarrollo turístico local.
Citas
Alcobia, O. (2021). Turismo e desenvolvimento social: Proposta de modelo de gestão de impactes dos empreendimentos hoteleiros (Inhambane, Moçambique). Tese de Doutorado, CCSA - UFRN. Natal.
Aledo, A. & Domínguez-Gómez, J. (2018). Evaluación de impacte social: Teoria, método y casos prácticos. Alicante: Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant.
Alves, L. (1997). A cúpula mundial sobre o desenvolvimento social e os paradoxos de Copenhague. Revista Brasil Política Inernacional, 40(1), 142-166.
Andreu, R., Claver, E., & Quer, D. (2017). Foreign market entry mode choice of hotel companies: Determining factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 62, 111–119.
Bauer, T. (2017). Human rights obligations of international hotel chains. In Sustainability in Hospitality (pp. 8-24). Routledge.
Brokaj, R. (2014). Local government`s role in the sustainable tourism development of a destination. European Scientific Journal, 10(31), 103-117.
Cain, C. L. (2012). Assessing the economic impact of hotel investments. San Diego: Global Hospitality Resources.
Church, A. (2004). Local and regional tourism policy and power. In A. Lew, M. Hall & A. Williams (editors). A companion to tourism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
De Grosbois, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 896-905.
Elliott, J. (2020). Tourism: Politics and public sector management. Routledge.
Fazito, M. (2012). Turismo crítico. Seminário da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação Em Turismo, 9.
Giampiccoli, A., & Mtapuri, O. (2021). From conventional to alternative tourism: Rebalancing tourism towards a community-based tourism approach in Hanoi, Vietnam. Social Sciences, 10(5), 176.
González Velarde, F. (2020). Coastal tourism in a context of neoliberal development: social change in Mancora, Peru. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 39(2), 127-141.
Goodwin, H. (2022). Responsible tourism. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gustavo, N. (2018). Trends in hospitality marketing and management: Facing the 21st century challenges. In L. Cagica & P. Isaías (Eds.), Handbook of research on entrepreneurship and marketing for global reach in the digital economy. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Han, H. (2021). Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality: A review of theories, concepts, and latest research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(7), 1021-1042.
Hrubcova, G.; Loster, T. & Obergruber, P. (2016). The economic effects of tourism in the group of the least developed countries. Procedia Economics Finance, 39, 479-481.
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2017). IV Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação: agregados familiares por posse de bens duráveis segundo área de residência, distrito e sexo do chefe do agregado familiar na Província de Inhambane. Maputo.
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2019a). Estatísticas do Turismo 2016-2018. Maputo.
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2019b). Indicadores em Flash Distrito de Inhambane 2018. Maputo.
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2019c). Anuário Estatístico da Província de Inhambane 2018. Maputo.
Ivanov, S. & Ivanova, M. (2016). Do hotel chains improve destination's competitiveness? Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 74–79.
Jenkins, C. L. & Henry, B. M. (1982). Governement Involvement in Tourism in Developing Countries. Annals of Toutism Research, 9(1), 499-521.
Khatter, A., White, L., Pyke, J., & McGrath, M. (2021). Barriers and drivers of environmental sustainability: Australian hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Kronenberg, K., & Fuchs, M. (2021). Aligning tourism's socio-economic impact with the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39, 100831.
Kubickova, M., & Smith, S. J. (2019). Role of destination competitiveness and national corruption in hotel performance: A study of developing economies of Central America. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 20(3), 354-37.
Lashley, C. (Ed.). (2020). Slavery and Liberation in Hotels, Restaurants and Bars. Routledge.
Midgley, J. (1999). Social development: the developmental perspective in social welfare. Sage.
Midgley, J. (2014). Social development: theory and practice. Sage.
Ministério da Cultura e Turismo. (2018). Indicadores de Referência na Área do Turismo. Maputo.
Mousavi, S., Hoşkara, E., & Woosnam, K. (2017). Developing a model for sustainable hotels in Northern Cyprus. Sustainability, 9(11), 2101.
Niewiadomski, P. (2015). International hotel groups and regional development in Central and Eastern Europe. Tourism Geographies, 17(2), 173-191.
Organização Internacional do Trabalho. (2010). Developments and challenges in the hospitality and tourism sector. Global Dialogue Forum for Hotels, Catering, Tourism Sector. Geneva.
Organização Mundial do Turismo. (2013). Sustainable Tourism for Development. Madrid.
Pawar, M. (2014). Social and community development practice. India: SAGE.
Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (2002). Tourism Industry as a partner for sustainable development. United Kingdom.
Rivera, M. (2017). The synergies between human development, economic growth, and tourism within a developing country: An empirical model for Ecuador. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6, 221-232.
Santos, Milton. (2008). Técnica, espaço, tempo: Globalização e meio técnico-científico informacional. São Paulo: Edusp.
Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. (2008). Tourism and development in the developing world. Routledge.
Soulard, J., Knollenberg, W., Boley, B., Perdue, R. & McGehee, N. (2018). Social capital and destination strategic planning. Tourism Management, 69, 189-200.
Treuren, G. & Lane, D. (2003). The tourism planning process in the context of organised interests, industry structure, state capacity, accumulation and sustainability. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(1), 1-22.
Vasquez, D. (2014). Employee retention for economic stabilization: A qualitative phenomenological study in the hospitality sector. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Science, 3(1), 1-17.
WageIndicator Foundation (2020). Salário mínimo em Moçambique, a partir de 01-04-2020 a 31- 03-2021. Recuperado em 13 de Novembro, 2020, de http://www.meusalario.org/mocambique/main/salario/salario-minimo
World Travel & Tourism Council (2019). Travel & tourism economic impact 2019. London
Yu, Y.; Byun, W-H. & Lee, T. J. (2014). Critical issues of globalization in the international hotel industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 114-118.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
