The symbolic reality in the case of Maktouf and Damaynovic v. Bosnia and Herzegovina
An analysis of Judge Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque's opinion with the concurrence of Judge Vucinic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(37)2025.jur-02Keywords:
Non-Retroactivity of Criminal Law, Lex Mitior, Russian Federation invasion of Ukraine in 2022; war crimes; human rights violations; interdisciplinary study of war; war in Ukraine.Abstract
This article examines the principle of non-retroactivity of criminal law and the application of the lex mitior concept, focusing on Judge Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque’s opinion in Maktouf and Damjanović v. Bosnia and Herzegovina (No. 2312/08 and 34179/08). It highlights the legal and moral implications of applying harsher penalties retroactively, particularly in the context of war crimes committed during the Bosnian conflict. Grounded in the European Convention on Human Rights, Judge Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque argues that criminal justice must uphold human dignity and adhere to international legal standards, even in extreme situations such as armed conflicts. The reasoning is based on international treaties, the separation of powers, and the role of judges not only as interpreters of the law but also as protectors of fundamental rights. Finally, the article reflects on the moral dilemmas faced by judges and the need to balance justice, humanity, and respect for legal norms.
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