Segurança da Fronteira Oriental da União Europeia. Os Aspectos Político-Jurídicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(38)2025.ic-10Palavras-chave:
União Europeia, Ala Oriental, Segurança, Federação Russa, Imperialismo, Linhas de DefesaResumo
Com a massiva invasão à Ucrânia, em fevereiro de 2022, pela Federação Russa, tornou-se evidente para a União Europeia que a Rússia representa uma das ameaças mais sérias à segurança da região, incluindo à própria União. Perante tal cenário, os Estados-membros da ala oriental da União Europeia encetaram diversas iniciativas com vista ao reforço da sua capacidade defesa nas suas fronteiras orientais, que correspondem, simultaneamente, à fronteira externa oriental da União Europeia. A abordagem metodológica do presente artigo integra uma combinação de método dogmático-jurídico, teórico-jurídico, comparativo e sistémico, complementada com recurso a métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, bem como de uma perspetiva histórica que permite a análise do actual ambiente de segurança nos Estados Bálticos e na Polónia, enquanto Estados-membros da União Europeia. Esta abordagem metodológica permite compreender os fatores que estiveram na origem do lançamento das iniciativas Escudo Oriental e Linha de Defesa Báltica. O principal objetivo do artigo consiste em analisar a evolução das políticas da União Europeia em matéria de segurança da sua fronteira externa oriental, com especial ênfase no investimento realizado em projetos de infraestrutura de defesa nos Estados Bálticos e na Polónia.
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