Re-democratization of Poland: Transition from Kaczyński's Authoritarian Populism to a Liberal Democracy

Piotr KIMLA; Anna CITKOWSKA-KIMLA

doi:10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.1)2026.ic-9

Autores

Piotr KIMLA Jagiellonian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-8748
Anna CITKOWSKA-KIMLA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-8383

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.1)2026.ic-9

Palavras-chave:

democracy

Resumo

A transição do autoritarismo populista para a democracia liberal na Polónia tem se revelado um processo complexo e lento. Essa dificuldade decorre de armadilhas legais e institucionais deixadas pelo governo populista anterior, que dificultam as reformas democráticas. Diferentemente dos populistas, o campo democrático deve atuar estritamente dentro da lei, o que retarda a reversão de mudanças autocráticas. Outro desafio é a necessidade de unidade política entre os reformadores e entre os poderes Executivo e Presidência, especialmente considerando o poder de veto do presidente polaco. A eleição de Karol Nawrocki, apoiado pelo PiS, reduziu significativamente as perspetivas de uma transição democrática bem-sucedida, sinalizando a possível retomada do populismo. Caso o PiS retorne ao poder, possivelmente em coligação com a Confederação, a Polônia pode se afastar da democracia liberal em direção a um autoritarismo populista de direita. O processo de democratização polaco evidencia a complexidade de superar a autocracia populista e destaca o papel crucial da vontade política, dos marcos legais e da unidade institucional na consolidação democrática. Este estudo baseia-se na observação participativa e na análise do discurso académico e jornalístico como componentes centrais do debate público. Parte da seguinte questão: Será o novo governo democrático polaco capaz de conduzir o país a uma democracia liberal?

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