Associação entre alergia alimentar e otite média serosa à luz do conhecimento atual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v28.i3.15671Palavras-chave:
Food allergy; Otitis media with effusion; hearing loss;Resumo
Introdução: A otite média serosa (OMS) é uma patologia frequente do ouvido médio na infância, com possíveis efeitos adversos a curto e longo prazo na audição, linguagem, cognição e alterações inflamatórias. A alergia alimentar também é frequente em crianças, com prevalência crescente, podendo implicar o atingimento de vários órgãos, nomeadamente o ouvido médio.
Objectivos: Efetuar uma revisão da literatura publicada acerca da possível associação entre ambas as patologias e respetivo risco relativo.
Desenvolvimento: A alergia é um dos fatores de risco apontados para o desenvolvimento de OMS. A maior parte da literatura foca sobretudo a rinite alérgica, dado o possível contributo de mecanismos locais para a patologia do ouvido médio. A alergia alimentar afeta sobretudo crianças pequenas, com um pico de incidência por volta do ano de idade. Parece implicar também um maior risco de outras manifestações atópicas no futuro, como rinite alérgica ou asma. A OMS foi proposta como possível manifestação atópica no ouvido médio, tendo vários autores desenvolvido estudos clínicos sobre o tema desde 1958 até ao presente. Os resultados obtidos foram por vezes díspares, nomeadamente em termos de prevalência relativa e presença ou ausência de uma correlação significativa entre ambas as condições.
Conclusões: Apesar da falta de consenso, a frequência de OMS e de alergia alimentar, suas possíveis complicações graves e evolução clínica por vezes lenta, obrigam a um grau de suspeição elevado em relação a uma possível associação entre ambas. São necessários mais estudos que permitam clarificar este tema relevante.
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