COVID Longa em crianças e adolescentes: Ficção ou realidade?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v31.i3.27683Palavras-chave:
adolescente, COVID Longa, fadiga, sintomas persistentesResumo
Introdução: Os sintomas agudos associados à COVID-19 estão bem definidos e descritos, contrariamente aos sintomas a longo prazo. A maioria dos doentes recupera totalmente em 3-4 semanas após a infeção, mas em alguns casos os sintomas podem persistir durante semanas ou meses. Embora esta entidade se encontre amplamente estudada na população adulta, a evidência em idade pediátrica permanece escassa.
Objetivo: Rever a literatura disponível sobre COVID Longa em crianças e adolescentes.
Métodos: Revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Académico utilizando os termos “Long COVID”, “post-COVID” “persistent COVID” AND “children”, “adolescents”, “pediatric”.
Resultados: Foram identificados dezassete artigos nas bases de dados consideradas. A prevalência de COVID Longa foi muito variável, entre 2─66%. Os sintomas mais comuns foram fadiga, dispneia, cefaleias, distúrbios do sono, dificuldades de concentração, tosse crónica, tonturas, mialgia, toracalgia, anosmia, dor abdominal e perda de apetite ou peso. Idade avançada, mialgia na altura da admissão, necessidade de internamento em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, antecedentes de doença alérgica, índice de massa corporal elevado e duração mais longa de infeção foram identificados como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de COVID Longa. Seis estudos incluíram um grupo controlo; quatro identificaram diferenças entre grupos, com mais sintomas no grupo de casos, enquanto um não identificou diferenças entre grupos.
Conclusão: A síndrome de COVID Longa representa um importante problema de saúde pública, sendo necessária uma melhor compreensão da mesma para estabelecer medidas de proteção, programas de reabilitação e orientações específicas. Estudos caso-controlo apropriados são importantes para discriminar se os sintomas observados estão associados à infeção por SARS-CoV-2 ou à pandemia.
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